Suggested Reading ListTOPIC INDEX
Community Integration, Recreation/Leisure Health Behaviors and Prevention Interdisciplinary Team Functioning Neuropsychology and Traumatic Brain Injury Social Support: Peer/Community Textbooks: General/Comprehensive
TOPIC AREAS
This section
addresses the process of adjustment after having sustaining a spinal cord
injury. The process of adjustment in both the individual with the Spinal cord
injury and in the caregivers is explored. Topics such as depression, anxiety,
post-traumatic stress, and grieving are discussed.
Anderson, C.J., Vogel, L.C., Chlan, K.M., Betz, R.R., & McDonald C.M. (2007). Depression in adults who sustained spinal cord injuries as children or adolescents. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30(1), S76-S82.
Blotzer, M. A., & Ruther, R. (1995). Sometimes you just want to feel like a human being: Case studies of empowering psychotherapy with people with disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Chun, S., & Lee, Y. (2008). The experience of posttraumatic growth for people with spinal cord injury. Qualitative Health Research, 18(7), 877-890.
* Crewe, N., & Krause, J. (1987). Spinal Cord Injury: Psychological Aspects. In B. Caplan (Ed.), Rehabilitation Psychology Desk Reference. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.
Duchnick, J.J., Letsch, E.A.; & Curtis, G. (2009). Coping effectiveness training during acute rehabilitation of spinal cord injury/dysfunction: A randomized clinical trail. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54(2), 123-132.
Elliott, T. (1999). Social problem solving abilities and adjustment to recent-onset physical disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44, 315-332.
Elliott, T., Uswatte, G., Lewis, L., & Palmatier, A. (2000). Goal instability and adjustment to physical disability. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 251-265.
* Elliott, T., & Richards, J. S. (1999). Living with the facts, negotiating the terms: unrealistic beliefs, denial and adjustment in the first year of acquired disability. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 4, 361-381.
* Hall, K. M., Knudsen, S. T., Wright, J., Charlifue, S. W., Graves, D. E., & Werner, P. (1999). Follow-up study of individuals with high tetraplegia (C1-C4) 14 to 24 years postinjury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 80 (11), 1507-13.
Hammell, K.W. (2007). Experience of rehabilitation following spinal cord injury: a meta synthesis of qualitative findings. Spinal Cord, 45(4), 260-274.
Hayes, R. (1995). Counseling the client on wheels: a primer for mental health counselors new to spinal cord injury. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 17 (1), 18-30.
Hui, S. A., Eliott, T., Shewchuk, R., & Rivera, P. (2007). Communal Behaviors and Psychological Adjustment of Family Caregivers and Persons with Spinal Cord Injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(1), 113-119.
Jackson, S. A., & Hough, S. (2004). Adjustment to the process of grief following a spinal cord injury/dysfunction. SCI Psychosocial Process, 17(3), 145-155. SCI Nursing (2005), 22 (1), 15-9.
Kennedy, P, Evans, M., & Sandhu, N. (2009). Psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury: The contribution of coping, hope, and cognitive appraisals. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 14(1), 17-33.
Lammertse, D. P., Jackson, A. B., & Sipski, M. L. (2004). Research from the model spinal cord injury systems: Findings from the current 5-year grant cycle. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(11), 1737-1739.
* Lawson, N. C. (1978). Significant events in the rehabilitation process: the spinal cord patient's point of view. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 59(12), 573-9.
Livneh, H., Martz, E., Bodner, T. (2006). Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability: A Preliminary Study of its Factorial Structure. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. 13(3), 251-261.
Lustig, D. C. (2005). The Adjustment Process for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: The Effect of Perceived Premorbid Sense of Coherence.Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 48(3), 146-156.
Marini, I. D. (2005). Issues of Males with Physical Disabilities in Rehabilitation Settings. In G. E. Good & G. R. Brooks (Eds.). The new handbook of psychotherapy and counseling with men: A comprehensive guide to settings, problems, and treatment approaches (pp. 88-103). San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
Murray, R.F., Asghari, A., Egorov, D.D., et al. (2007). Impact of spinal cord injury on self-perceived pre- and postmorbid cognitive , emotional, and physical functioning. Spinal Cord, 45(6), 429-436.
Palmer, S., Kriegsman, K. H., Palmer, J. B., McDonald, J. W., & Sadowsky, C. L. (2008). Spinal cord injury: A guide for living (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
* Parrott, R., Stuart, T., & Cairns, A. D. (2000). Reducing uncertainty through communication during adjustment to disability: living with spinal cord injury. In D. O. Braithwaite & T. L. Thompson (Eds.), Handbook of Communication and People with Disabilities (pp. 339-352). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Pollard, C. & Kennedy, P. (2007). A longitudinal analysis of emotional impact, coping strategies and post-traumatic psychological growth following spinal cord injury: A 10 year review. British Journal of Health Psychology, 12(3), 347-362.
Richards, J. S., Elliott, T., Shewchuk, R., & Fine, P. R. (1997). Attribution of responsibility for onset of spinal cord injury and psychosocial outcomes in the first year post-injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 42, 115-124.
* Richards, J. S. (1986). Psychologic adjustment to spinal cord injury during first post- discharge year. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 67(6), 362-5.
Rohe, D. E. (1998). Psychological aspects of rehabilitation. In J. A. DeLisa & B. Gans (Eds.), Rehabilitation Medicine: Principles and Practice (3rd ed., pp. 189-212). Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven.
Schoop, L.H., Good, G.E., Mazurek, M.O., et al. (2007). Masculine role variables and outcomes among men with spinal cord injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(8), 625-633.
Temple, R., & Elliott, T. (2000). Personality disorder characteristics and adjustment following spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 6(1), 54-65.
* Trieschmann, R. B. (1988). Spinal Cord Injuries: Psychological, Social and Vocational Rehabilitation. (2nd Ed.). New York: Demos Publication.
* Warschausky, S., Majchrzak, N. E., Lifford, M., Dixon, P., & Tate, D. (2004). Associations between family and child adjustment following traumatic injury of brain versus spine. SCI Psychosocial Process, 17, 97-105.
Wu, M. Y., & Chan, F. (2007). Psychology adjustment patterns of persons with spinal cord injury in Taiwan. Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal, 29(24), 1847-1857.
Yetzer, E., Schandler S., Root, T., & Turnbaugh K. (2003). Self-concept and body image in persons who are spinal cord injured with and without lower limb amputation. SCI Nursing, 20(1), 18-23.
Aging is something that will affect everyone, whether they are an individual with a spinal cord injury or not. Much of the following literature has focused on the medical and psychosocial aspects of living with a spinal cord injury. (Back to the Top)
* Charlifue, S. W., & Lammertse, D. P. (2001). Aging in SCI. In S. Kirshblum, D.Campagnolo, & J. DeLisa (Eds.), Spinal Cord Injury Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
* Charlifue, S., Lammertse, D.P., & Adkins, R.H. (2004). Aging with spinal cord injury:Changes in selected health indices and life satisfaction. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1848-53.
Chung, M. C., Preveza, E., Papandreou, K., & Prevezas, N. (2006). Spinal cord injury, Post-traumatic stress, and locus of control among the elderly: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 69(1), 69-80. Eva, G., Paley, J., Miller, M. & Wee, B. (2009). Patients’ Constructions of Disability in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. Palliative Medicine, 23(2). 132-140. Gerhart, K., Charlifue, S., Menter, R., Weitzenkamp, D. A. & Whiteneck, G. (1997). Aging with Spinal Cord Injury. American Rehabilitation, 23 (1).
Gerhart, K., Chase, T. M., & Weitzenkamp, D. (1998). Aging & SCI: Stressed Out? Paraplegia News, August.
Holicky, R., & Charlifue, S. (1999). Aging with spinal cord injury: the impact of spousal support. Disability and Rehabilitation, 21(5-6), 250-257.
Kemp, B. J. (1999). Quality of life while aging with a disability. Assistive Technology, 11(2), 158-63. Kemp, B. J. & Adkins, R. H., Issue Editors (2001) Aging with Spinal Cord Injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Rehabilitation, 6(3). Kemp, B. J., & Krause, J. S. (1999). Depression and life satisfaction among people aging with post-polio and spinal cord injury. Disability Rehabilitation, 21(5-6), 241-9.
* Kemp, B. J. & Mosqueda, M.D. (Eds.). (2004). Aging with a disability: What the clinician needs to know. Baltimore, Maryland. John Hopkins University Press.
* Kewman, D. G., & Tate, D. G. (1998). Suicide in SCI: A psychological autopsy. Rehabilitation Psychology, 43(2), 143-151.
* Krause, J. S., Kemp, B., & Coker, J. (2000). Depression after spinal cord injury: relation to gender, ethnicity, aging, and socioeconomic indicators. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(8), 1099-109.
* Krause,J.S., Broderck, L.(2005). A 25-Year longitudinal study of the natural course of aging after spinal cord injury. Spinal Coordination, Feb 15.
* Lammertse, D. P., & Yarkony, G. M. (1991). Rehabilitation in spinal cord disorders: Outcomes and issues of aging after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 72(4-S), S309-11.
* McColl, M. A., Stirling, P., Walker, J., Corey, P., & Wilkins, R. (1999). Expectations of independence and life satisfaction among ageing spinal cord injured adults. Disability Rehabilitation, 21(5-6), 231-40.
McColl, M. A., Arnold, R., Charlifue, S., & Gerhart, K. (2001). Social support and aging with a spinal cord injury: Canadian and British experiences. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 6 (3).
Mosqueda, M. D. (2000). What women need to know about aging with SCI. Pushin' On Newsletter, University of Alabama at Birmingham. February.
Pentland, W., Walker, J., Minnes P, Tremblay, M., Brouser B, Gould, M. (2002) Women with spinal cord injury and the impact on aging. Spinal Coordination, 40(8): 374-87. Thompson, L. (1999). Functional Changes in Persons Aging with Spinal Cord Injury. Assistive Technology, 11 (2),123-129. * Trieschmann, R. B. (1987). Aging with a Disability. New York: Demos Publication.
* Whiteneck, G. (1992). Aging with Spinal Cord Injury. New York: Demos Publication.
Anything that helps promote independence can be considered assistive. Assistive technology is practical application of the various simple to complex ways to utilize past, present, and future technology for all to be more independent. (Back to the Top)
* Brooks, N. A. (1991). Users' responses to assistive devices for physical disability. Social Sciences & Medicine, 32(12), 1417-24.
* Chaves, E. S., Boninger, M. L., Cooper, R., Fitzgerald, S.G., Gray, D. B., & Cooper, R. A. (2004). Assessing the influence of wheelchair technology on perception of participation in spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine,85, 1854-8.
* Cohen, E., Tate, D., & Forchheimer, M. (1994). SCI resources and outcomes: Perceptions of resources needed and received following SCI and long term psychological and functional outcomes: A pilot study. SCI Psychosocial Process, 7(2), 47-54.
* Cooper, R. A., Boninger, M. L., Cooper, R, Fitzgerald, S. G., & Kellerher A. (2004). Preliminary assessment of a prototype advanced mobility device in the work environment of veterans with spinal cord injury. Neurorehabilitation. 19(2), 161-70.
Craig, D.A., Nguyen, H.T. (2007). Adaptive EEG thought pattern classifier for advanced wheelchair control. Conference Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society, 2007:2544-7.
* Galvin, J. C., & Scherer, M. J. (1996). Evaluating, Selecting and Using Appropriate Assistive Technology. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers. Inge, K.J., Wehman, P., Strobel, W., Powell, D., & Todd, J. (1998). Supported employment and assistive technology for persons with spinal cord injury: Three illustrations of successful work supports. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 10, 141-152. Jones, M., Grogg, K., Anschutz, J., Fierman, R. (2008). A sip-and-puff wireless remote control for the Apple iPod. Assistive Technology, Summer; 20-(2): 107-110 (2 ref). Kittel, A., Di Marco, A. & Stewart, H. (2002). Factors influencing the decision to abandon manual wheelchairs for three individuals with a spinal cord injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24 (1/2/3), 106-114. Martinsen, B., Harder, I., Biering-Sorensen, F. (2008). The meaning of assisted feeding for people living with spinal cord injury: a phenomenological study. Journal of Advance Nursing, Jun; 62(5): 533-40.
Merbitz, C., Merbitz, N. H. & Scherer, M. J. (2005). Assistive technology for case managers. In F. Chan, M. J. Leahy & J. L. Saunders (Eds). Case Management for Rehabilitation Health Professionals Volume I (pp. 197-227). Osage Beach, MO: Aspen Professional Services.
* Rieger, J. M. (2003). The effect of automatic speech recognition systems on speaking workload and task efficiency. Disability & Rehabilitation. 25(4-5), 224-35.
Sawatzky, B., Denison, I., Langrish, S., Richardson, S., Hiller, K., Slobogean, B. (2007). The segway personal transporter as an alternative mobility device for people with disabilities: a pilot study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nov; 88(11):1423-8.
Scherer, M. J. (2005). Connecting to Learn: Educational and Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (APA) Books.
* Scherer, M. J. (2005). Living in the State of Stuck: How Technology Impacts the Livesof People with Disabilities. (4th Ed.). Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
Scherer, M. J. (2005). Assessing the benefits of using assistive technologies and other supports for thinking, remembering and learning. Disability and Rehabilitation, 27(13): 731-739. Scherer, M.J. & Cushman, L. (2001). Measuring subjective quality of life following spinal cord injury: a validation study of the assistive technology device predisposition assessment. Disability and Rehabilitation, 23 (9), 387-393. Scherer, M. J. & Cushman, L. (2000). Predicting satisfaction with assistive technology for a sample of adults with new spinal cord injuries. Psychological Reports, 87, 981-987. Scherer, M. J. & Glueckauf, R. (2005). Assessing the benefits of assistive technologies for activities and participation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50(2).
Scherer, M. J., Hart, T., Kirsch, N., & Schulthesis, M. (2005). Assistive technologies for cognitive disabilities. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 17(3), 195-215.
Scherer, M. J., Sax, C., Vanbeirvliet, A., Cushman, L. A., & Scherer, J. V. (2005). Predictors of assistive technology use: The importance of personal and psychosocial factors. Disability & Rehabilitation, 27(21), 1321-1331.
* Scherer, M. J. (Ed.). (2002). Assistive Technology: Matching Device and Consumer for Successful Rehabilitation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
* Scherer, M. J. & Cushman, L. A. (2000). Predicting satisfaction with assistive technology for a sample of adults with new spinal cord injuries. Psychological Reports, 87, 981-987.
* Scherer, M. J. (1996). Outcomes of assistive technology use on quality of life. Disability and Rehabilitation, 18(9), 439-48.
Sison-Williamson, M., Bagley, A., Hongo, A., Bogel, L.C., Mulcahey, M.J., Betz, R.R., McDonald, C.M. (2007). Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2007:30 Suppl 1:S184-91.
Spinal Network. (1998) The Total Wheelchair Resource Book, New Mobility Magazine. No Limits Communication, Inc. Horsham, PA 19044.
Tsai, T; Nash RJ; Tseng KC, "A five-layer users' need hierachy of computer input device selection; a contextual observation surey of computer users with cervical spinal injuries (CSI). Disability & Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 2009, May; 4(3): 158-80.
Wobbrock, J.O., Myers, B.A. (2008). Enabling devices, empowering people: the design and evaluation of Trackball EdgeWrite. Disability Rehabilitation Assistance Technology, Jan: 3(1): 35-56.
This section addresses issues pertaining to ethics including informed consent, competence, capacity, assessment, and research . Policy issues and provider-patient relationships are also discussed within the context of rehabilitation. (Back to the Top)
* Appelbaum, P. S., & Grisso, T. (1988). Assessing patients' capacities to consent to treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 319(25), 1635-8.
Banja, J. D. (1996). Ethics, values, and world culture: the impact on rehabilitation. Disability Rehabilitation, 18(6), 279-84.
* Banja, J. D., & Rosenthal, M. E. (1996). Special Issue: Ethics. NeuroRehabilitation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6(2).
* Caplan, A. L. (1988). Informed consent and provider-patient relationships in rehabilitation medicine. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 69(5), 312-7.
* Caplan, A. L., Callahan, D., & Haas, J. (1987). Ethical & policy issues in rehabilitation medicine. Hastings Cent Rep, 17 (4), 1-20.
* Callahan, D. (1988). Families as caregivers: the limits of morality. Archives of Physica l Rehabilitation Medicine, 69(5), 323-8.
Deaton, A. (1996). Ethical issues in pediatric rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 41, 53-72.
* Deaton, A. V., & Hanson, S. E. (1996). Special Issue on Ethics and Rehabilitation Psychology. Rehabilitation Psychology, 41(1).
Field, H. L. (2008). A patient with acute traumatic quadriplegia who requested a DNR order. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, 49(3), 252-254.
* Grisso, T. (1988). Evaluating Competencies: Forensic Assessments and Instruments. New York: Plenum Press.
* Hanson, S., Guenther, R., Kerkhoff, T., & Liss, M. (2000). Ethics: Historical foundations, basic principles and contemporary issues. In Frank & Elliott (Eds.), Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
* Jennings, B., Callahan, D., & Caplan, A. L. (1988). Ethical challenges of chronic illness. Hastings Cent Rep, 18(1), 1-16.
Legge, M. & Jones, L.M. (2009). Stem cell spinal cord regeneration: First do no harm. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34(12), 838-839.
Miller, S. S., & Marin, D. B. (2000). Assessing capacity. Emergency Medical Clinics of North America, 18(2), 233-42.
* Purtilo, R. B. (1986). Ethical issues in the treatment of chronic ventilator-dependent patients. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 67(10), 718-21.
* Purtilo, R. B. (1988). Ethical issues in teamwork: the context of rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 69(5), 318-22.
Tuszynski, M.H., Steeves, J.D, Fawcett, J.W., et al. (2007). Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cork injury as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trail inclusion exclusion criteria and ethics. Spinal Cord, 45(3), 222-231.
Wegener, S. T. (1996). The rehabilitation ethic and ethics. Rehabilitation Psychology, 41, 5-17.
* The President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Making Health Care Decisions, (1982). Vol. 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
This section addresses issues related to family caregivers and their attitudes toward caring for a person with a disability. The focus is on basic needs as well as rights of family caregivers. Interventions for caregiver support are also discussed. The impact of (chronic) illness on family and individual psychosocial functioning is explored. (Back to the Top)
As the Years Go By: Accepting New Help, Caregiving, and Long-term Caregivers: RRTC on Aging With Spinal Cord Injury. Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO 80110.
Blanes, L., Carmangnani, M.I.S., & Ferreira, L.M. (2007). Health related quality of life of primary caregivers of persons with paraplegia. Spinal Cord, 45(6), 399-403.
Boschen, K. (2005). The impact of being a support provider to a person living in the community with a spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50(4), 397-407.
Cloyed, E. & Healy, D. (2004). Caregiver's event: the process of developing a wellness day for caregivers. SCI Psychosocial Process.
Dreer, L.E., Elliott, T.R., & Shewchuk, R. (2007). Family caregivers of persons with spinal cord injury: Predicting caregivers at risk for probable depression. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(3), 351-357.
Ellenbogen PS; Meade MA; Jackson MN; Barret K. "The impact of spinal cord injury on the employment of family caregivers." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 2006; 25(1): 35-44.
Elliott TR, Berry JW. "Brief problem-solving training for family caregivers of persons with recent-onset spinal cord injuries: a randomized controlled trial." Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2009 Apr; 65(4): 406-22.
* Elliott, T. R., Shewchuk, R. M., & Richards, J. S. (2001). Family caregiver social problem-solving abilities and adjustment during the initial year of the Caregiving role. Journal of Counseling Psychology, Special Issue, 48(2), 223-232.
Elliot, T., Shewchuk, R., Richards, J. (1999). Caregiver social problem-solving abilities and family member adjustment to recent onset physical disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44, 104-123.
* Elliott, T. R., & Shewchuk, R. M. (1998). Recognizing the family caregiver: Integral and formal members of the rehabilitation process. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation Special Issue: Spinal Cord Injury, 10(2), 123-132.
Fisher, L. (2006). Research on the family and chronic disease among adults: Major trends and directions. Families, Systems, & Health, 24 (4), 373-380.
Harvard Health Publications. Caregiver's Handbook: A guide to caring for the ill, elderly, or disabled…and yourself.
Ilardo, J. & Rothman, C. (1999). I'll Take Care of You: A Practical Guide for Family Caregivers. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
Mayer, T. (2004). Families: The ultimate caregivers? SCI Psychosocial Process, 17, 184-186.
Mintz, S. (2002). Love, Honor, and Value. Herndon, VA: Capital Books, Inc.
Pakenham, K., Bursnall, S. (2006). Relations between social support, appraisal and coping and both positive and negative outcomes for children of a parent with multiple sclerosis and comparisons with children of healthy parents. Clinical Rehabilitation 20, 709-723.
Rintala, D.H. (2004) Project FOCUS: Helping family caregivers solve problems. SCI Psychosocial Process, 17, 120-122.
Russell, C., White, M., & White, C. (2006). Why me? Why now? Why multiple sclerosis?: making meaning and perceived quality of life in a Midwestern sample of patients with multiple sclerosis. Families, System, & Health, 24 (1), 65-81.
Saint-Charles (2004). Toward reconstructing the identity of primary caregivers for people with disabilities. SCI Psychosocial Process, 17(2), 89-96.
Schultz R, Czaja SJ, Lustig, A, Zdaniuk B, Martire LM, Perdomo D. "Improving the quality of life of caregivers of persons with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial." Rehabilitation Psychology, 2009 Feb; 54(1): 1-15.
Sherman, J. (1998). Coping With Caregiver Worries. Gilsum, NH: Pathway Books.
Strom, K. (2000). A Caregiver's Survival Guide: How to Stay Healthy When Your Loved One is Sick. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Su, D. (2002). The experiences and perceptions of older family caregivers of people with spinal cord injury living in the community: service implications. SCI Psychosocial Process, 15(3), 130-138.
Community Integration, Recreation/Leisure This section addresses the reintegration of individuals back into their communities/lives after having sustained a spinal cord injury. The articles discuss the realms of play, sports, school, work, community, family. The issues of independence, quality of life, and life satisfaction are explored. Some of the barriers to participation are highlighted. (Back to the Top)
* Armstrong, M., & Lauzen, S. (1994). Community Integration Program. Idyll Arbor, WA: Incorporated.
* BC Paraplegic Association. (2004). Coming Into Focus: People living with spinal cord injury in BC. Vancouver, BC: http://www.canparaplegic.org/pdf/bc/comingintofocus.pdf
* Boschen, K. A, Tonack, M, & Gargaro, J. (2003) Long-term adjustment and community reintegration following spinal cord injury. International Journal of Rehabilitation, 3, 157-64.
Bryan, W. V. (1996). In Search of Freedom: How people with disabilities have been disenfranchised from the mainstream of American society. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Buchholz, AC, Martin Ginis, KA, Bray, SR, Craven, BC, Hicks, AL, Hayes, KC, Latimer, AE, McColl, MA, Potter, PJ, & Wolfe, DL. (2009). Greater daily leisure time physical activity is associated with lower chronic disease risk in adults with spinal cord injury. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 34, 640-647.
* Charlifue, S, & Gerhart, K. (2004) Community Integration in spinal cord injury of long duration. NeuroRehabilitation, 2, 91-101.
Condeluci, A. (1996). Interdependence: The route to community. (2nd Ed.). Winter Park, FL: GR Press.
* Coyle, C., Kinney, W. B., Riley, B., & Shank, J. (1991). Benefits of Therapeutic Recreation: A Consensus View. Idyll Arbor, WA: Incorporated.
* Crewe, N. M., & Zola, I. K. (Eds.). (1983). Independent living for physically disabled people. San Francisco: Josey-Bass Publications.
Daniel, A. & Manigandan, C. (2005). Efficacy of leisure intervention groups and their impact on quality of life among people with spinal cord injury. Int J Rehab Res., 28(1):43-45.
* Dattilo, J., Caldwell, L., Lee, V., & Kleiber, D. (1998). Returning to the community with a spinal cord injury: Implications for therapeutic recreation specialists. Therapeutic Recreation Journal (First Quarter).
Donnelly, C. & Eng, J. J. (2005). Pain following spinal cord injury: the impact on community reintegration. Spinal Cord, 43(5):278-282.
Gontkovsky, ST, Russum, P, & Stokic, DS. (2009). Comparison of the CIQ and chart short form in assessing community integration in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: A pilot study. NeuroRehabilitation, 24, 185-192.
Johnson, K.A. & Klaas, S.J. (2007). The changing nature of play: Implications for pediatric spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30(1), S721-S75.
Johnson, K. A. & Klaas, S. J. (2005). Societal trends impacting children: recreation implications for those with spinal cord injuries. SCI Nursing, 22(1)36-37.
Johnson, K. A., Klaas, S. J., et al (2004). Leisure characteristics of the pediatric spinal cord injury population. J Spinal Cord Med. 27 (suppl.) 1:107-109.
Johnson, K. A. & Klaas, S. J. (2002). Outdoor Recreation: Improving the Quality of Life for the Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Population. SCI Psychosocial Process, 16(1), 13-15.
Johnson, K. A. & Klaas, S. J. (1999). Using a hospital based pediatric spinal cord injury sports and conditioning camp to facilitate leisure education. SCI Psychosocial Process, 12(2), 54-56.
Johnson, K. A. & Klaas, S. J. (1999). Recreation Involvement and Play in Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 6 (suppl), 105-109.
Johnson, K. A. & Klaas, S. J. (1997). Recreation Issues and Trends in Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 3(2), 79-84.
Hetz, SP, Latimer, AE, & Martin Ginis, KA. (2009). Activities of daily living performed by individuals with SCI: Relationships with physical fitness and leisure time physical activity. Spinal Cord, 47, 550-554.
Kehn, M & Kroll, T. (2009). Staying physically active after spinal cord injury: A qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to exercise participation. BMC Public Health, 9, Retrieved online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-9-168.pdf on November 14, 2009.
* Kleiber, D. (1999). Leisure Experience and Human Development. New York: Basic Books.
Latimer, A., Ginis, K., & Arbour, K. (2006). The efficacy of an implementation intention intervention for promoting physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injury: A randomized controlled trial. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51(4), 273-280.
* Latimer, A.E., & Martin Ginis, K.A. (2005). The theory of planned behavior in prediction of leisure time physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50, 389-396.
Lee, Y. & Mittelstaedt, R. (2004). Impact of injury level and self-monitoring on free time boredom of people with spinal cord injury. Disability Rehabilitation. 7:26 (19), 1143-1149.
* Lee, Y., Mittelstaedt, R., & Askins, J. (1999). Predicting free time boredom of people with spinal cord injury. Therapeutic Recreation Journal (Second Quarter).
Levins, S. M., Redenbach, D. M., & Dyck, I. (2004). Individual and societal influences on participation in physical activity following spinal cord injury: a qualitative study. Physical Therapy, 84(6), 496-509.
McVeigh, SA, Hitzig, SL, & Craven, BC. (2009). Influence of sport participation on community integration and quality of life: A comparison between sport participants and non-sport participants with spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32, 115-124.
O’Brien, A, Renwick, R, & Yoshida, K. (2008). Leisure participation for individuals living with acquired spinal cord injury. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 31, 225-230.
O’Neill, S. B. & Maguire, S. (2004). Patient perception of the impact of sporting activity on rehabilitation in a spinal cord injuries unit. Spinal Cord. 42(11):627-630.
Scelza, W.M., Kirshblum, S.C., Wuermser, L., Ho, C.H., Priebe, M.M., & Chiodo, A.E. (2007). Spinal cord injury medicine: Community re-integration after SCI. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, 88(3 supp 1): S71-75.
Schonherr, M. C., Groothoff, J. W., et al. (2005). Participation and satisfaction after spinal cord injury: results of a vocational and leisure outcome study. Spinal Cord, 43(4):241-248.
Schopp, L., Clark, M., Hagglund, K., Sherman, A., Stout, B., Gray, D., & Boninger, M. (2007). Life activities among individuals with spinal cord injury living in the community: Perceived choice and perceived barriers. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(1), 82-88.
Slater, D. & Meade, M. A. (2004). Participation in recreation and sports for persons with spinal cord injury: review and recommendations. NeuroRehabilitation, 19(2), 121-129.
Smith, B. & Sparks, A. C. (2005). Men, sports, spinal cord injury, and narratives of hope. Soc SCI Med., 61(5), 1095-1105.
Song, HY. (2005). Modeling social reintegration in persons with spinal cord injury. Disability Rehabilitation, 27(3), 131-141.
Tasiemski, T., Kennedy, P., Gardner, B. (2006). Examining the continuity of recreation engagement in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 40(2), 77-93.
* Tasiemski, T., Kennedy, P., Gardner, B. P., & Taylor, N. (2005). The association of sports and physical recreation with life satisfaction in a community sample of people with spinal cord injuries. NeuroRehabilitation, 20(4), 253-265.
Tator, C. (2009). Recognition and management of spinal cord injuries in sports and recreation. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 20, 69-76.
Wahman, K., Biguet, G., & Levi, R. (2006). What promotes physical activity after spinal cord injury? An interview study from a patient perspective. Disability and Rehabilitation: An international multidisciplinary Journal, 28(8), 481-488.
Whiteneck, G., Meade, M. A., Dijkers, M., Tate, D. G., Bushnik, T., & Forchheimer, M. B. (2004). Environmental factors and their role in participation and life satisfaction after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1793- 1803.
Culture and Diversity This section highlights relevant articles and books to the issue of culture, ethnicity and diversity related to individuals with spinal cord injury. Beyond the disability and condition, is the person who brings his or her individual experience and background into the area of healthcare. Here, is the critical need to respect, understand and explore access to the individual beyond the identified medical or mental health concern. (Back to the Top)
* Andrews, J. D. (1995). Cultural, Religious Ethnic reference manual for health care providers. Winston Salem, NC: JAMARDA Resources.
* Callahan, J. (1989). Don't worry, he won't get far on foot: The autobiography of a dangerous man. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
DeJong, G. (1979). The movement for independent living: Origins, ideology and implications for disability research. Michigan State University: University Center for International Rehabilitation.
* Devlieger, P.J., Albrecht, G.L., & Hertz, m. (2007). The production of disability culture among young African-American men. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1948-1959.
Fine, M., & Asch, A. (1988). Disability beyond stigma: Social interaction, discrimination, and activism. Journal of Social Issues, 44(1), 3-21.
Gallaher, C. K., & Hough, S. (2001). Ethnicity and age issues: Attitudes affecting rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, Special Issue, 46(3), 312-321.
Gilson, S. F., & Depoy, E. (2000). Multiculturalism and disability: a critical perspective. Disability and Society, 15(2), 207-218.
* Gilson, S. F., MacDuffie, H., & Myerson, K. (In press). Integrating Disability Content in Social Work Education: A Curriculum Resource. Alexandria, VA: Council on Social Work Education.
Gontkovsky, S.T., Russum, P., & Stokic, D.S. (2007). Perceived information needs of community-dwelling persons with chronic spinal cord injury: Findings of a survey and impact of race. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(16), 1305-1312.
Greenwell, A. and Hough, S. (2008). Culture and Disability in Sexuality Studies: A Methodological and Content Review of Literature. Sexuality and Disability, 26(4), 189-197.
Hahn, H. (1988). The politics of physical differences: disability and discrimination. Journal of Social Issues, 44(1), 39-47.
* Hales, G. (Ed.). (1996). Beyond disability: Towards and enabling society. London: SAGE Publications.
Hallahan, D. P., & Kauffman, J. M. (1994). Toward a culture of disability in the aftermath of Dino and Dunn. The Journal of Special Education, 27(4), 496-508.
Hanson, S.L. & Kerkhoff, T.R. (2007). Ethical decision making in rehabilitation: consideration of latino cultural factors. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(4), 409-420.
* Hernandez, Brigida (2005). A voice in the chorus: Perspectives of young men of color on their disabilities, identities, and peer-mentors. Disability & Society, 20(2), 117- 133.
Hirsch, K. (1995). Culture and disability: The role of oral history. Oral History Review, 22(1), 1-27.
Johnson, M. (Ed.). (1992). People with disabilities explain it all for you: Your guide to the public accommodations requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Louisville, KY: The Advocate Press.
* Kemp, B., Krause, J. S., Adkins, R. (1999). Depression among African Americans, Latinos, and Caucasians with spinal cord injury: An exploratory study. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44(3), 235-247.
Krahé, B., & Altwasser, C. (2006). Changing negative attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities: an experimental intervention. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 16(1), 59-69.
*Krause, J.S., Saunders., and Staten, D., (2010). Race-ethnicity, education, and employment after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 53:78.
* Krause, J.S. (1998). Subjective well-being after spinal cord injury: relationship to gender, race-ethnicity, and chronological age. Rehabilitation Psychology, 43(4), 292-296.
* Krefting, L. H., & Krefting, D. V. (1991). Cultural influences on performance. In C. Christian & C. Baum (Eds.), Occupational Therapy: Overcoming Human Performance Deficits (pp. 101-122). Thorofare, NJ: Slack.
Linton, S., Mello, S., & O'Neill, J. (1995). Disability studies: expanding the parameters of diversity. Radical Teacher, 47, 4-10.
Livneh, H. (1980). Disability and monstrosity: further comments. Rehabilitation Literature, 41(11-12), 280-3.
Livneh, H. (1982). On the origins of negative attitudes toward people with disabilities. Rehabilitation Literature, 43(11-12), 338-47.
Longmore, P. K. (1987). Uncovering the hidden history of people with disabilities. Review of American History, 15(3), 355-64.
* Mackelprang, R. W., & Salsgiver, R. O. (1999). Disability: A Diversity Model in Human Service Practice: Brooks Cole.
Mackelprang, R. W., & Salsgiver, R. O. (1996). People with disabilities and social work: historical and contemporary issues. Social Work, 41(1), 7-14.
* Marini, I. (2001). Cross cultural counseling issues of males who sustain a disability. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 32(1), 36-44.
*Meade, M.A., Lewis, A., Jackson, M.N., Hess, D.W., (2004) Race, employment, and spinal cord. Archives Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. Nov. 85 (11) 1782-1792
* Morris, J. (1991). Pride against prejudice: Transforming attitudes to disability. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers.
Myer, L. H., Peck, C. A., & Brown, L. (Eds.). (1991). Critical issues in the lives of people with severe disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Olkin, R. (2001). What psychotherapists should know about disability. New York: Guilford Press.
Padela, A. I. (2007). Can you take care of my mother? Reflections on cultural competency and clinical accommodation. Society for Academic Emergency Medicine: Resident Portfolio, 275-277.
Pichette, E. F., Garrett, M. T., Kosciulek, J. F., Rosenthal, D. A. (1999) Cultural identification of American Indians and its impact on rehabilitation services. Journal of Rehabilitation, 65(3), 3-10.
Pollard, R. Q. (1992). Crosscultural ethics in the conduct of deafness research. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37(2), 87-101.
Priestly, M. (1998). Constructions and creations: idealism, materialism and disability theory. Disability and Society, 13(1), 75-94.
Rounds, K. A., Weil, M., & Bishop, K. K. (1994). Practice with culturally diverse families of young children with disabilities. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 38, 3-13.
*Royeen, M. & Crabtree, J. L. (2005). Culture in rehabilitation: From competency to proficiency. New York: Prentice Hall.
* Shapiro, J. P. (1993). No pity: People with disabilities, forging a new civil right movement. New York: Times Books.
Sobsey, D. (1994). Violence and abuse in the lives of people with disabilities: The end of silent acceptance? Baltimore: Brooks Publishing Co. Inc.
* Spector, R. E. (2003). Cultural diversity in health and illness.. New York: Prentice Hall.
* Wright, B. (1960). Physical disability - a psychological approach. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
* Yuker, H. E. (1988). Attitudes toward people with disabilities. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Zink, J. (1992). Adjusting to early- and late-onset disability: A personal perspective. Generations, 16(1), 59-61.
This section addresses readings related to perspectives on
aging and dying among persons with disabilities and their loved ones.
Adjustment, grief, loss, and other psychological responses to the loss of a
loved one, or a preparation for such an event, are the focus of these
readings. The section emphasizes end-of-life arrangements as well as hospice
perspectives for persons with disabilities.
* Butt, L., & Rothman, J. (1995). Death can be proud. HEC Forum, 7(2-3), 81-93.
* Butt, L., & Scofield, G. (1997). The Bright Line Reconsidered: The Issue of Treatment Discontinuation in Ventilator-Dependent Tetraplegia. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Winter 2(3), 85-94.
Charlifue, S. W., & Gerhart, K. A. (1991). Behavioral and demographic predictors of suicide after traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 72(7), 488-92.
Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Jensen, B. (2007). Adequacy of spouses as informants regarding older persons' self-care practices and their perceived importance. Families, System, & Health, 25 (1), 53-67.
*De Vivo, M., Krause, S.,Lammertse, D. (1999). Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among person with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80 (11)
Guin, P. (2003). Things remembered from patients at the end of life. SCI Nursing: A Publication of the American Association of Spinal Cord Injury Nurses, 10 (4), 261- 262.
Haller, B. (2006). Thoughts on 'Million Dollar Baby'. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 6(2), 112-114.
Hicks, F., Thom, V., Allison D., & Corocoran G. (1993). Spinal Cord Compression: the hospice perspective. Journal of Palliative Care, 9(3), 9-13.
Jackson, S. (2005). Adjustment to the process of grief following a spinal cord injury/dysfunction. SCI Nursing, 22(1), 9-15.
Krause, J. S., Devivo, M. J., & Jackson, A. B. (2004) Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehab, 85(11):1764-1773.
* Maynard, F. M., & Muth, A. S. (1987). The choice to end life as a ventilator-dependent quadriplegic. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 68(12), 862-4.
O’Connor, P. J. (2006). Trends in spinal cord injury. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38 (1), 71-77.
* Patterson, D. R., Miller-Perrin, C., McCormick, T. R., & Hudson, L. D. (1993). When life support is questioned early in the care of patients with cervical-level quadriplegia. New England Journal of Medicine, 328(7), 506-509.
* Schneiderman, L. J., & Spragg, R. G. (1988). Ethical decisions in discontinuing mechanical ventilation. New England Journal of Medicine, 318 (15), 984-8.
Soden, R.J., Walsh, J.,Middleton,J. W.,Craven, M.I.,Rutkowski, S.B., and Yeo, D.J. (2000). Causes of death after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 38 (10) 604-610.
*Whiteneck, G.G., Charlifue, S.W., Frankel, H.L., Gardner, B.P., Gerhart, K.A., Krishan, K.R., Menter, R.R., Nuseibeh, I., short, D.J., et al. (1992). Mortality, morbidity, and psychosocial outcomes of persons spinal cord injured more than 20 years ago. Paraplegia. Sep;30 (9) 617-30.
Wortman, C. & Silver, R. (1992). Reconsidering assumptions about coping with loss: an overview of current research. Found Crisis and Experiences of Loss in Adulthood. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Yr, W., Smith, B., Kim, S., Chow, W., & Weaver, F. (2008). Major medical conditions and VA healthcare costs and end of life for veterans with SCI and disorders. Rehabil Res Dev, 45 (6), 831-9.
Health Behaviors and Prevention Articles focus on the quality of health care resources, technology, expertise, equipment and funding. Information is presented in all aspects of spinal cord injury and health behavior and prevention from acute medical care through rehabilitation treatment to community based reintegration. Attention is given to the role of behavior on development of pressure ulcers. Influences of daily routine, personal choices, motivating influences, lifestyle and prevention strategies are explored with reference to pressure sores. The values of safety education programs is referenced. (Back to the Top)
* Adcock, R. J., & Hough, S. (2004). Accessibility for safe evacuation following a spinal cord injury during an emergency: Safety for whom? SCI Psychosocial Process, 17.3, 158-162.
Bombardier CH, Cunniffe M, Wadhwani R, Gibbons LE, Blake KD, Kraft GH. The efficacy of telephone counseling for health promotion in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Oct;89(10):1849-56.
Burns, S Hammond, M. (2009) “Yes you can: A guide for self care for persons with spinal cord injury. Paralyzed Veterans of America (on-line version) http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pva/yesyoucan4/#/0
Clark, F.A., Jackson, J.M., Scott, M.D., Carlson, M.E., Atkins M.S., Uhles-Tanaka, D., & Rubayi, S. (2006). Data-based models of how pressure ulcers develop in daily living contexts of adults with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, 87(11): 1516-25.
* Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine (2000). Pressure ulcer prevention and treatment following spinal cord injury. Washington, DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America.
* Davis, M., et al. (2000). Relaxation and Stress Reduction Workbook. (5th ed.). Oakland: New Harbinger Publications.
* Dunn, M., Love, L., & Ravesloot, C. (2000). Subjective health in spinal cord injury after outpatient healthcare follow-up. Spinal Cord, 38(2), 84-91.
* Elliott, T.R., Bush, B.A., & Chen, Y. (2006). Social problem-solving abilities predict pressure sore occurrence in the first 3 years of spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51, 69-77.
* Garber S. L., Rintala, D. H., Hart, K. A., & Fuhrer, M. J. (2000). Pressure ulcer risk in spinal cord injury: predictors of ulcer status over 3 years. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine. 81: 465-71.
* Garber S.L, Rintala, D. H., Rossi, C. D., Hart, K. A., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1996). Reported pressure ulcer prevention and management techniques by persons with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine. 77(8):744-9.
** Jackson, A.B., Dijkers, M., DeVivo, M. J., & Poczatek, R. B. (2004). A demographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: Change and stability over 30 years. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(11), 1740-48.
Kehn M, Kroll T. Staying physically active after spinal cord injury: a qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to exercise participation. BMC Public Health. 2009 Jun 1;9:168.
Krause JS, Carter RE, Pickelsimer EE, Wilson D. A prospective study of health and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Aug;89(8):1482-91
Maddox, Sam. (2009). Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Guide (on-line version) http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/crf/paralysisresourceguide/
Manns, P.J. & May, L.A. (2007). Perceptions of issues associated with the maintenance and improvement of longterm health in people with SCI. Spinal Cord, 45(6), 411-419.
Martin Ginis
KA, Latimer AE, Buchholz AC, Bray SR, Craven BC, Hayes KC, Hicks
* McKinley, W. O, Gittler, M.S, Kirshblum, S. C, Stiens, S. A., & Groah, S. L. (2002). Spinal cord injury medicine. 2. Medical complications after spinal cord injury: Identification and management. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine. 83(3 Suppl 1):S58-64, S90-8.
Nash MS. Exercise
as a health-promoting activity following spinal cord injury.
* Njoki, E., Frantz, J., & Mpofu, R. (2007). Health-promotion needs of youth with a spinal cord injury in South Africa. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29, 465-472.
Regan MA, Teasell RW, Wolfe DL, Keast D, Mortenson WB, Aubut JA; Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence Research Team. A systematic review of therapeutic interventions for pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Feb;90(2):213-31.
Rintala DH, Garber SL, Friedman JD, Holmes SA. Preventing recurrent pressure ulcers in veterans with spinal cord injury: impact of a structured education and follow-up intervention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Aug;89(8):1429-41.
* Sable, J., Craig, P., & Lee, D. (2000). Promoting health and wellness: A research-based case report. Therapeutic Recreation Journal Special Issue, 34(4), 348-361.
* Winnick, J. P. (1995). Adapted physical education and sport. (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Interdisciplinary Team Functioning Life after spinal cord injury will require interaction with a wide variety of professionals. Some of these professionals work individually and some function as a team for a mutual goal of increased independence. The individual with a spinal cord injury is the most important part of the team. The team functions and communicates in unison with the individual with a spinal cord injury as they proceed toward mutually defined goals. Team members can be representative of a wide variety of disciplines and backgrounds. (Back to the Top)
Cibeira, J. B., & Liendo, E. C. (1972). Team approach to the psychological treatment of patients with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 10(1), 85-90.
* Cosgrove, J., & Nicholas, J. (1986). Team treatment: Is a specialized unit more effective? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 67 (Sept), 632. Cox, R. J., Amsters, D. I., & Pershouse, K. J. (2001). The Need for a Multidisciplinary Outreach Service for People with Spinal Cord Injury Living in the Community. Clinical Rehabilitation, 15(6). 600-606. * Dunn, M. E., Sommer, N., & Gambina, H. (1992). A practical guide to team functioning. In C. Zejdlik (Ed.), Management of Spinal Cord Injury, (2nd ed.). Monterey, CA: Jones and Bartlett.
* Dunn, M. E., Umlauf, R. L., & Mermis, B. J. (1992). The Rehabilitation Situations Inventory: staff perception of difficult behavioral situations in rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 73(4), 316-9.
* Fordyce, W. E. (1981). ACRM presidential address. On interdisciplinary peers. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 62(2), 51-3.
* Gans, J. (1987). Facilitating staff/patient interaction. In B. Caplan (Ed.), Rehabilitation psychology desk reference. Rockville, MD: Aspen.
* Gostnell, D. (1989). Nature and nurturing of the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team. Paper presented at the Team Approach to Trauma Rehabilitation, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
* Halstead, L. S., Rintala, D. H., Kanellos, M., Griffin, B., Higgins, L., Rheinecker, S., Whiteside, W., & Healy, J. E. (1986). The innovative rehabilitation team: an experiment in team building. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 67(6), 357-61.
Mullins, L. L. (1989). Hate revisited: power, envy, and greed in the rehabilitation setting. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 70(10), 740-4.
Mullins, L. L., Keller, J. R., & Chaney, J. M. (1994). A systems and social cognitive approach to team functioning in physical rehabilitation settings. Rehabilitation Psychology, 39(3), 161-178.
* Nelson, A. (1992). Developing a therapeutic milieu on a spinal cord injury unit. In C. Zejdlik (Ed.), Management of Spinal Cord Injury. New York: Jones and Bartlett.
Niemeier, J., Burnett, D. & Whitaker, D. (2003) Cultural Competence in The Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Setting: Are We Falling Short of Meeting Needs? Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 84: 1240-5.
* Rintala, D. H., Dodd, Brittingham, Davis, Stelljes, & Page. (1987). Difficulties encountered with health care providers by spinal cord injured individuals. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 68(Sept), 605.
Rintala, D. H., Hanover, D., Alexander, J. L., Sanson-Fisher, R. W., Willems, E. P., & Halstead, L. S. (1986). Team care: an analysis of verbal behavior during patient rounds in a rehabilitation hospital. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 67(2), 118-22.
Stiens, S., Kirshblum, S., Groah, S., McKinley, W. & Gittler M. (2002) Optimal Participation in Life after SCI: Psychosocial Reintegration. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 72-81.
* Strasser, D. C., Falconer, J. A., & Martino-Saltzmann, D. (1994). The rehabilitation team: staff perceptions of the hospital environment, the interdisciplinary team environment, and interprofessional relations. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 75(2), 177-82.
* Tucker, S. J. (1984). Patient staff interaction with the spinal cord patient. In D. W. Krueger (Ed.), Rehabilitation Psychology. Rockville, MD: Aspen.
Browne, J. A., & Bishop, D. S. (1980). Team Functioning: A Professional versus Lay Perspective. In D. S. Bishop (Ed.), Behavioral Problems and the Disabled (pp.378 - 400). Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
Having an
individual in your family with a spinal cord injury can affect the
relationships within the family in many different ways. This section explores
how a spinal cord injury can affect the marital/partner relationship and how
family support is so important for emotional adjustment.
Aitken, M. E., Korehbandi, P., Parnell, D., et al (2005). Experiences from the development of a comprehensive family support program for pediatric trauma and rehabilitation patients. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 86 (1), 175-179.
* Chan, R. (2000). How does spinal cord injury affect marital relationship? A story from both sides of the couple. Disability and Rehabilitation: An international multidisciplinary journal, 22(17), 764-775.
Chander, M., Kennedy, P., & Sandhu, N. (2007). The association between threat appraisals and psychological adjustment in partners of people with spinal cord injuries. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(4), 470-477.
Elliot, T.R. & Berry, J.W. (2009). Brief problem solving training for family caregivers of persons with recent-onset spinal cord injuries: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 406-422.
Elliot, T. R., Brossart, D., Berry, J. W., & Fine, P. R. (2008). Problem-solving training via videoconferencing for family caregivers of persons with spinal cord injuries: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(11), 1220-1229.
* Elliott, T. R., Shewchuk, R. M., & Richards, J. S. (2001). Family caregiver social problem-solving abilities and adjustment during the initial year of the Caregiving role. Journal of Counseling Psychology, Special Issue, 48(2), 223-232.
* Elliott, T. R., & Shewchuk, R. M. (1998). Recognizing the family caregiver: Integral and formal members of the rehabilitation process. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation Special Issue: Spinal Cord Injury, 10(2), 123-132.
* Feigin, R. (1998). The relationship between the sense of coherence and adjustment to disability studied in the context of marital interrelations. Marriage and Family Review, 27(1-2), 71-90.
* Kreuter, M. (2000). Spinal cord injury and partner relationships. Spinal Cord, 38(1), 2-6.
Cleveland, M. (1979). Family Adaptation to the traumatic spinal cord injury of a son or daughter. Social Work Health Care, 4(4), 459-471.
Meade, M. A., Taylor, L. A., & Kreutzer, J. S. (2004). A preliminary study of acute family needs after spinal cord injury: analysis and implications. Rehabilitation Psychology, May, 49(2); 140-149.
This section highlights relevant articles to the issue of mental health disorders in individuals with a spinal cord injury and implications for therapy for those with a variety of mental health conditions. The authors discuss specific conditions along with recommended treatment approaches. The challenges of working with individuals with dual diagnoses are explored. (Back to the Top)
Anderson, C.J., Kelly, E.H., Klaas, S.J., Russell, H., Daharsh, E., Vogel, L.C. (2009). Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(10):826-32.
Anderson CJ, Vogel LC, Chlan KM, Betz RR, McDonald CM. (2007). Depression in adults who sustained spinal cord injuries as children or adolescents. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30 Suppl 1:S76-82.
Banerjea, R., Findley, P.A., Smith, B., Findley, T., and Sambamoorthi, U. (2009). Co-occurring medical and mental illness and substance use disorders among veteran clinic users with spinal cord injury patients with complexities. Spinal Cord, 47:789-795
* Bombardier, C. H., Richards, J. S., Krause, J. S., Tulsky, D., & Tate, D. G. (2004). Symptoms of major depression in people with spinal cord injury: Implications for screening. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 85(11), 1749-56.
* Boyer, B. A., Knolls, M. L., & Kafkalas, C. M., et al. (2000). Prevelance and relationships of post-traumatic stress in families experiencing pediatric spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 45 (4), 339-355.
Chung MC, Preveza E, Papandreou K, Prevezas N. (2008). Locus of control among spinal cord injury patients with different levels of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 30;152(2-3):253-60.
* Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine (1998). Depression following Spinal Cord Injury: A clinical practice guideline for primary care physicians. Washington, DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America.
* Craig, A. R., Hancock, K. M., & Dickson, H. G. (1994). A longitudinal investigation into anxiety and depression in the first 2 years following a spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 32(10), 675-9.
Craig A, Tran Y, Middleton J. (2008). Psychological morbidity and spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. Sep 9.
Cushman, L. A., & Dijkers, M. P. (1990). Depressed mood in spinal cord injured patients: Staff perceptions and patient realities. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 71(3), 191-6.
Davis, E. L. (1995). What a psychiatrist needs to know about spinal cord injury. Psychiatric Annals, 25(6), 329-337.
Dijkers, M. P. & Cushman, L. A. (1991). Changing staff perceptions of the mood of spinal cord injured patients: A natural experiment. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation, 5(2), 71-80.
Dryden DM, Saunders LD, Rowe BH, May LA, Yiannakoulias N, Svenson LW, Schopflocher DP, Voaklander DC. (2005). Depression following traumatic spinal cord injury. Neuroepidemiology; 25(2):55-61.
* Elliott, T. R., & Frank, R. G. (1996). Depression following spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 77(8), 816-23.
Elliott TR, Brossart D, Berry JW, Fine PR. (2008). Problem-solving training via videoconferencing for family caregivers of persons with spinal cord injuries: a randomized controlled trial. Behavioral Research and Therapy;46(11):1220-9.
* Frank, E., Corcoran, & Wonderlich. (1987). Depression after spinal cord injury: Is it necessary? Clinical Psychology Review, 7(6), 611-630.
Graves DE, Bombardier CH. (2008). Improving the efficiency of screening for major depression in people with spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 31(2):177-84
Hatcher MB, Whitaker C, Karl A. (2008). What predicts posttraumatic stress following spinal cord injury? British Journal of Health Psychology, Nov 3.
* Hough, S., & DeGirolamo (2005). The experience of military sexual trauma and rehabilitation for individuals with spinal cord injury/dysfunction. SCI Psychosocial Process, 18 (3), 144-149.
* Judd, F. K. Stone, J., et al., (1989). Depression following spinal cord injury: A prospective inpatient study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 668-671.
Kalpakjian, C.Z., Toussaint, L.L., Albright, K.J., Bombardier, C.H., Krause, J.K., Tate, D.G. (2009). Patient health Questionnaire-9 in spinal cord injury: an examination of factor structure as related to gender. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32(2):147-56. Kalpakjian, C.Z., Bombardier, C.H., Schomer, K., Brown, P.A., Johnson, K.L. (2009). Measuring depression in persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32(1):6-24.
Kennedy, P., Evans, M., Sandhu, N. (2009). Psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury: the contribution of coping, hope and cognitive appraisals. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 14(1):17-33. * Kennedy, P., & Rogers, B. A. (2000). Anxiety and depression after spinal cord injury: a longitudinal analysis. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 81(7), 932-7.
Krause, J.S., Reed, K.S., and McArdle, J.J. (2009). Prediction of somatic and non-somatic depressive symptoms between inpatient rehabilitation and follow-up Spinal Cord advance online publication, September, 2009
* Krause, J. S., & Coker, J. L. (2000). Depressive symptomatology after spinal cord injury: relationship to biographic, injury, and person characteristics. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 23:1(Spring), 10./p>
Langer, K. (1994). Depression and denial in psychotherapy of persons with disabilities. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48(2), 181-194.
Mitchell MC, Burns NR, Dorstyn DS. (2008). Screening for depression and anxiety in spinal cord injury with DASS-21. Spinal Cord;46(8):547-51.
Miller WC, Anton HA, Townson AF. (2008). Measurement properties of the CESD scale among individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 46(4):287-92
Mozer E, Franklin B, Rose J. (2008). Psychotherapeutic intervention by telephone. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 3(2):391-6.
* Paulsen, P., French, R., & Sherrill, C. (1991). Comparison of mood states of college able-bodied and wheelchair basketball players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73(2), 396-8.
Radnitz, C., Bockian, N., & Moran, A. (2000). Assessment of Psychopathology and Personality in People with Physical Disabilities. In Frank & Elliott (Eds.), Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology (pp. 287-310).
* Radnitz, C. L., Broderick, C. P., Perez-Strumolo, L., Tirch, D. D., Festa, J., Schlein, I. S., Walczak, S., Willard, J., Lillian, L. B., & Binks, M. (1996). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in veterans with spinal cord injury: a controlled comparison. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(7), 431-3.
RL, Adamson VW, Ruff SS, Wang X. (2007). Directed rehabilitation reduces pain and depression while increasing independence and satisfaction with life for patients with paraplegia due to epidural metastatic spinal cord compression. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development;44(1):1-10.
Smith BM, Weaver FM, Ullrich PM. (2007). Prevalence of depression diagnoses and use of antidepremedications by veterans with spinal cord injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8):662-71.
Stanford RE, Soden R, Bartrop R, Mikk M, Taylor TK. (2007). Spinal cord and related injuries after attempted suicide: psychiatric diagnosis and long-term follow-up. Spinal Cord;45(6):437-43.
Williams, R.T., Heinemann, A.W., Bode, R.K., Wilson, C.S., Fann, J.R., Tate, D.G. (2009). Improving measurement properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 with rating scale analysis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54(2):198-203.
Neuropsychology and Traumatic Brain Injury This section highlights relevant articles and books to the issue of neuropsychology, with a specific focus on co-existing traumatic brain injury, related to individuals with spinal cord injury. The fact that cognitive deficits can impact upon rehabilitation healthcare efforts and quality of life is readily acknowledged. However, the professional field continues the refinement of assessment and identification of strengths and weaknesses, along with development of compensatory strategies and intervention to maximize rehabilitation efforts and life functioning. (Back to the Top)
* Black, K., & Desantis, N. (1999). Medical complications common to spinal-cord injured and brain-injured patients. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Dual Diagnosis: SCI-TBI, 5 (2).
Bradbury, C, Wodchis, W, Mikulis, D, Pano, E, Hitzig, S, McGillivray, C, Ahmad, F, Craven, B, & Green, R. (2008). Traumatic brain injury in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: Clinical and economic consequences. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89, S77-S84.
Cramer, S.C., Lastra, L., Lacourse, M.G., & Cohen, M.J. (2005). Brain motor system function after chronic, complete spinal cord injury. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 128 (12), 2941-2950.
injury: epidemiology and outcome. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 73 (3), 275-84.
Davidoff, G., Thomas, P., Johnson, M., Berent, S., Dijkers, M., & Doljanac, R. (1988). Closed head injury in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: incidence and risk factors. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 69 (10), 869-72.
Davidoff, G., Doljanac, R., Berent, S., Johnson, M. B., Thomas, P., Dijkers, M., & Klisz, D. (1988). Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: Its’ utility in the determination of closed head injury in acute spinal cord injury patients. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 69 (6), 432-4.
Davidoff, G., Roth, E., Morris, J., Bleiberg, J., & Meyer, P. R., Jr. (1986). Assessment of closed head injury in trauma-related spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 24 (2), 97-104.
Davidoff, G., Morris, J., Roth, E., & Bleiberg, J. (1985). Closed head injury in spinal cord injured patients: retrospective study of loss of consciousness and post-traumatic amnesia. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 66 (1), 41-3.
Davidoff, G., Morris, J., Roth, E., & Bleiberg, J. (1985). Cognitive dysfunction and mild closed head injury in traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 66 (8), 489-91.
DenBoer, J. W. & Hough, S. (2007). Rehabilitation intervention for an individual with spinal cord/brain injury and visual impairment. SCI Psychosocial Process, 20(1).
* Dowler, R. N., Harrington, D. L., Haaland, K. Y., Swanda, R. M., Fee, F., & Fiedler, K. (1997). Profiles of cognitive functioning in chronic spinal cord injury and the role of moderating variables. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 3 (5), 464-72.
* Elovic, E., & Kirschblum, K. (1999). Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury: The Scope of the Problem. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Dual Diagnosis: SCI-TBI, 5 (2).
* Hess, D. W., Marwitz, J. H., & Kreutzer, J. S. (2003). Neuropsychological impairments after spinal cord injury: A comparative study with mild traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48 (3), 151-156.
Howlett, J. (1999). Beyond physical rehabilitation: The power of inner healing after spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Dual Diagnosis: SCI- TBI, 5 (2).
Iida, H., Tachibana, S., Kitahara, T., Horiike, S., Ohwada, T., & Fujii, K. (1999). Association of head trauma with cervical spine injury, spinal cord injury, or both. Journal of Trauma, 46 (3), 450-2.
Macciocchi, S, Seel, R, Thompson, N, Byams, R, & Bowman, B. (2008). Spinal cord injury and co-occurring traumatic brain injury: Assessment and incidence. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89, 1350-1357.
* Mahmoud, A. H., Rengachary, S., & Zafonte, R. D. (1999). Biomechanics of associated spine injuries in head-injured patients. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Dual Diagnosis: SCI-TBI, 5 (2).
Michael, D. B., Guyot, D. R., & Darmody, W. R. (1989). Coincidence of head and cervical spine injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 6(3), 177-89.
Morris, J., Roth, E., & Davidoff, G. (1986). Mild closed head injury and cognitive deficits in spinal-cord-injured patients: incidence and impact. Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2, 57-69.
Richards, J. S., Osuna, F. J., Jaworski, T. M., Novack, T. A., Leli, D. A., & Boll, T. J. (1991). The effectiveness of different methods of defining traumatic brain injury in predicting postdischarge adjustment in a spinal cord injury population. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 72 (5), 275-9.
Richards, J. S., Brown, L., Hagglund, K., Bua, G., & Reeder, K. (1988). Spinal cord injury and concomitant traumatic brain injury. Results of a longitudinal investigation. American Journal of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 67 (5), 211-6.
* Ricker, J. H., & Regan, T. M. (1999). Neuropsychological and Psychological Factors in Acute Rehabilitation of Individuals with Both Spinal Cord Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Dual Diagnosis: SCI-TBI, 5 (2).
Rohe, D. E., & Basford, J. R. (1989). Traumatic spinal cord injury, ethanol and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Rehabilitation Psychology, 34 (1), 25-32.
Roth, E., Davidoff, G., Thomas, P., Doljanac, R., Dijkers, M., Berent, S., Morris, J., & Yarkony, G. (1989). A controlled study of neuropsychological deficits in acute spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia, 27 (6), 480-9.
Saboe, L. A., Reid, D. C., Davis, L. A., Warren, S. A., & Grace, M. G. (1991). Spine trauma and associated injuries. Journal of Trauma, 31 (1), 43-8.
Schmitt, M.M., Elliott, T.R. (2004). Verbal learning ability and adjustment to recent onset spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49 (4), 288-294.
* Sommer, J. L., & Witkiewicz, P. M. (2004). The therapeutic challenges of dual diagnosis: TBI/SCI. Brain Injury, 18 (12), 1297-1308.
Tolonen A, Turkka J, Salonen O, Ahoniemi E, & Alaranta H. (2007). Traumatic brain injury is under-diagnosed in patients with spinal cord injury, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(8), 622-6.
* Trosper, R. M. (2000). Psychosocial complications in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury: A case study. SCI Psychosocial Process, 13 (1), 1-8.
* Watanabe, T. K., Zafonte, R. D., & Lairson, E. J. (1999). Traumatic Brain Injury Associated with Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Risk Factors, Evaluation, and Outcomes. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Dual Diagnosis: SCI-TBI, 5 (2).
Wilmont, C. B., Cope, D. N., Halli, K. M., & Acker, M. (1985). Occult head injury: Its incidence in spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 66, 227-231.
* Zafonte, R. D., Giap, B. T., Coplin, W. M., & Pangilian, P. (1999). Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology and Acute Therapeutic Strategies. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, Dual Diagnosis: SCI-TBI, 5 (2).
Acute and
chronic pain is common after a spinal cord injury. This section provides
information on pain research and types of pain. The issues around the
categorization, location, type, duration, and severity of pain are discussed.
Pain management and treatment approaches are presented.
* Britell, C. W., & Mariano, A. J. (1991). Chronic pain in spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 5, 71-82.
Bryce TN, Budh CN, Cardenas DD, Dijkers M, Felix ER, Finnerup NB, Kennedy P, Lundeberg T, Richards JS, Rintala DH, Siddall P, Widerstrom-Noga E. (2007). Pain after spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research. Report of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Spinal Cord Injury Measures meeting. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine;30(5):421-40.
* Cairns, D. M., Adkins, R. H., & Scott, M. D. (1996). Pain and depression in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: origins of chronic problematic pain? Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 77 (4), 329-35.
* Cardenas, D. D., Bryce, T. N., Shem, K., Richards, J. S., & Elhefni, H. (2004). Gender and minority differences in the pain experience of people with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 85, 1774-81.
* Cardenas, D.D., & Jensen, M.P. (2006). Treatments for chronic pain in persons with spinal cord injury: A survey study. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 29, 109-117.
Cruz-Almeida, Y., Alameda, G., Widerström-Noga, E.G. (2009). Differentiation between pain-related interference and interference caused by the functional impairments of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 47(5):390-5
Cruz-Almeida Y, Alameda G, Widerström-Noga EG (2008). Differentiation between pain-related interference and interference caused by the functional impairments of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. Nov 25.
Demirel, G., Yllmaz, H., Gencosmanoglu, B, & Kesiktas, N. (1998). Pain following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 36, 25-28.
Dworkin, R. H., Nagasako, E. M., Hetzel, R. D., & Farrar, J. T. (2001). Assessment of Pain and Pain-Related Quality of Life in Clinical Trials. Handbook of Pain Assessment, Second Edition, New York: The Guilford Press.
Dyson-Hudson, T. A., & Kirshblum, S. C. (2004). Shoulder pain in chronic spinal cord injury, part I: Epidemiology, etiology, and pathomechanics. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27, 4-17.
Gironda, R. J., Clark, M. E., Neugaard, B., & Nelson, A. (2004). Upper limb pain in a national sample of veterans with paraplegia. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27, 120-127.
Gutierrez, D.D., Thompson, L., Kemp, B, et al. (2007). The relationship of shoulder pain intensity to quality of life, physical activity, and community participation in persons with paraplegia. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30(3), 251-255.
Hanley MA, Raichle K, Jensen M, Cardenas DD. (2008). Pain catastrophizing and beliefs predict changes in pain interference and psychological functioning in persons with spinal cord injury. Journal of Pain, 9(9):863-71.
Jan, F. K., & Wilson, P. E. (2004). A survey of chronic pain in the pediatric spinal cord injury population. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27(Suppl. 1), S50-S53.
Jensen, M.P., Widerström-Noga, E., Richards, J.S., Finnerup, N.B., Biering-Sřrensen, F., and Cardenas, D.D. (2009). Reliability and validity of the International Spinal Cord Injury Basic Pain Data Set items as self-report measures Spinal Cord advance online publication, September 29, 2009
Jensen MP, Barber J, Hanley MA, Engel JM, Romano JM, Cardenas DD, Kraft GH, Hoffman AJ, Patterson DR. (2008). Long-term outcome of hypnotic-analgesia treatment for chronic pain in persons with disabilities. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 56(2):156-69.
Kennedy P, Frankel H, Gardner B, & Nuseibeh I. (1997). Factors associated with acute and chronic pain following traumatic spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord, 35, 814-887.
Krause, J. S., Brotherton, S. S., Morrisette, D. C., Newman, S. D., & Karakostas, T. E. (2007). Does pain interference mediate the relationship of independence in ambulation with depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury? Rehabilitation Psychology, 52, 162-169.
Levendoğlu, F., Öğün, C. Ö., Özerbil, Ö., Öğün, T. C., & Uğurlu, H. (2004). Gabapentin is a first line drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. Spine, 29, 743-751.
* Melzack, R., & Loeser, J. D. (1978). Phantom body pain in paraplegics: evidence for a central "pattern generating mechanism" for pain. Pain, 4(3), 195-210.
Molton IR, Jensen MP, Nielson W, Cardenas D, Ehde DM. (2008). A preliminary evaluation of the motivational model of pain self-management in persons with spinal cord injury-related pain. Journal of Pain. 2008 Jul;9(7):606-12. Nicholson Perry, K., Nicholas, M.K., Middleton, J., Siddall, P. (2009). Psychological characteristics of people with spinal cord injury-related persisting pain referred to a tertiary pain management center. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 46(1):57-67. Norrbrink Budh C, Kowalski J, Lundeberg T. (2006). A comprehensive pain management programme comprising educational, cognitive and behavioural interventions for neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 38(3):172-80.
“Pain after SCI”. Single-Topic Issue, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 46(1), 2009. Panagos, A., Jensen, M., & Cardenas, D. D. (2004). Treatment of myofascial shoulder pain in the spinal cord injured population using static magnetic fields: A case series. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27, 138-142.
* Putzke, J. D., Richards, J. S., & Dowler, R. N. (2000). The impact of pain in spinal cord injury: a case control study. Rehabilitation Psychology, 45, 386-401.
Ralchle, K.A., Hanley, M., Jensen, M.T., et al (2007). Cognitions, coping, and social environment predict adjustment to pain in spinal cord injury. Journal of Pain, 8(9), 718-729.
Rintala, D. H., Loubser, P. G., Castro, J., Hart, K. A., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1998). Chronic pain in a community-based sample of men with spinal cord injury: Prevalence, severity, and relationship with impairment, disability, handicap, and subjective well- being. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 79, 604-14.
Siddall, P.J. (2009). Management of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: now and in the future. Spinal Cord, 47(5):352-9.
Siddall, P. J., Taylor, D. A. & Cousins, M. J. (1998). Mechanisms and treatment of spinal cord injury pain: An update. In: Ashburn, M. A., Fine, P. G., and Stanley, T. H. (Eds.) Pain Management and Anesthesiology (pp. 247-262). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
* Siddall, P. J., Taylor, D. A., & Cousins, M. J. (1997). Classification of pain following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 35(2), 69-75.
Stroud MW, Turner JA, Jensen MP, Cardenas DD. (2006). Partner responses to pain behaviors are associated with depression and activity interference among persons with chronic pain and spinal cord injury. Journal of Pain, 7(2):91-9.
Tan G, Rintala DH, Thornby JI, Yang J, Wade W, Vasilev C. (2006). Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with spinal cord injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development;43(4):461-74.
* Turner, J. A., & Cardenas, D. D. (1999). Chronic pain problems in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 4(3), 186-94.
* Turner, J. A., Cardenas D. D., Warms C.A., & McClellan C.B. (2001). Chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries: A community survey. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 82 (4):501-9.
Ullrich, P., Jensen, M., Loeser, J., & Cardenas, D. (2007). Catastrophizing mediates associations between pain severity, psychological distress, and functional disability among persons with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(4), 390-398.
Ullrich PM, Jensen MP, Loeser JD, Cardenas DD, Weaver FM. (2008). Pain among veterans with spinal cord injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 45(6):793-800.
Wallaars, M.M., Post, M.W.M., Van Asbeck, F.W.A, et al (2007). Spinal cord injury pain: The influence of psychologic factors and impact on quality of life. Clinical Journal of Pain, 23(5), 383-391.
* Wegener, S. T., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2001). Psychological and behavioral issues in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 7(2, 73-83.
Widerström-Noga, E., Biering-Sřrensen, F., Bryce, T., Cardenas, D.D., Finnerup, N.B., Jensen, M.P., Richards, J.S., Siddall, P.J. (2009). The international spinal cord injury pain basic data set. Spinal Cord. 2008 Dec;46(12):818-23.
* Widerstrom-Noga, E. G., Felipe-Cuervo, E., & Yezierski, R. P. (2001). Relationships among clinical characteristics of chronic pain after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 82 (9):1191-7.
Widerstrom-Noga, D. D. S., Felipe-Cuervo, E., Yezierski, R. P. (2001). Chronic Pain After Spinal Injury: Interference with Sleep and Daily Activities. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 82.
Widerström-Noga EG, Felix ER, Cruz-Almeida Y, Turk DC. (2007). Psychosocial subgroups in persons with spinal cord injuries and chronic pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation;88(12):1628-35.
Being a parent with a spinal cord injury can present a variety of unique issues. Specific parenting strategies are discussed. How the spinal cord injury may affect the other members of the family and the relationships between the family members is also explored. (Back to the Top)
Albright KJ; Duggan CH; Rahman RO. "Motherhood in the context of spinal cord injury," Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 2009 Summer; 15(1): 43-58.
* Alexander C. J, Hwang K, & Sipski M.L. (2002). Mothers with spinal cord injuries: impact on marital, family, and children's adjustment. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 83 (1):24-30.
* Almagor, M. (1991). The relationship among fathers' physical disability, agreement regarding marital satisfaction, and perception of children's emotional state. Rehabilitation Psychology, 36 (4), 241-254.
Ames, K., Washington, F., & Christian, N. (1992). And baby makes controversy: A couple breaks new ground for disabled parents. Newsweek.
* Barker, L. T., & Maralani, V. (1997). Challenges and strategies of disabled parents: Findings from a national survey of parents with disabilities. Berkeley, CA.
Beck, V. (1998). Who says who's fit for parenthood? In B. Corbet & J. Dobbs (Eds.), New Mobility Magazine's spinal network: The total wheelchair resource book (pp. 364). Malibu, CA: Miramar Communications.
Broderson, L. C. (1990). Motherhood, pregnancy, and spinal cord injury. Paraplegia News (October), 50-53.
* Buck, F. M. (1993). Parenting by fathers with physical disabilities. In Haseltine, S., Cole, S. & Gray, D. B. (Eds.), Reproductive issues for people with physical disabilities (pp. 163-185). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Carty, E., Conine, T., Holbrook, A., & Riddell, L. (1993). Childbearing and parenting with a disability or chronic illness. Midwifery Today & Childbirth Education, 28 (Winter), 17-9, 40-42.
Coates, D. L., Vietze, P. M., & Gray, D. B. (1985). Methodological issues in studying children of disabled parents. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 155-180). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Crist, P. (1993). Contingent interaction during work and play tasks for mothers with multiple sclerosis and their daughters. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 47 (2), 121-31.
Davis, H. (1993). Counseling parents of children with chronic illness or disability. H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Devlin, R. (1989). Helping disabled mothers. Community Outlook, 4-10.
Duvdevany, I., Buchbinder, E., and Yaacov, I. (2008). Accepting disability; the parenting experience of fathers with spinal cord injury (SCI). Quality Health Research, August, 18(8), - 1021-33.
Farber, R. S. (2000). Mothers with disabilities: in their own voice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(3), 260-8.
Garee, B. (1989). Parenting: Tips from parents (who happen to have a disability) on raising children. Bloomington, IL: Cheever Publishing.
Gilhool, T. K., & Gran, J. A. (1985). Legal rights of disabled parents. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 11- 34). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Glass, D. D. (1985). Onset of disability in a parent: Impact on child and family. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 145-154). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Greene, B. F., Norman, K. R., Searle, M. S., Daniels, M., & Lubeck, R. C. (1995). Child abuse and neglect by parents with disabilities: A tale of two families. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28 (4), 417-434.
Greer, B. G. (1985). Children of physically disabled parents: Some thoughts, facts, and hypotheses. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical Perspectives (pp. 131-143). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Herman, A. (1998). Challenges and solutions for parents with disabilities. In B. Corbet & J. Dobbs (Eds.), New Mobility Magazine's spinal network: The total wheelchair resource book (pp. 365-368). Malibu, CA: Miramar.
Kelley, S. D. M., Sikka, A., & Venkatesan, S. (1997). A review of research on parental disability: Implications for research and counseling practice. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 41(2), 105-21.
Kirshbaum, M. (1988). Parents with physical disabilities and their babies. Zero to Three, 8-15.
Kirshbaum, M. (1997). Babycare assistive technology for parents with physical disabilities: Relational, systems, and cultural perspectives. AFTA Newsletter, 20-26.
Kirshbaum, M., & OIkin, R. (2002). Parents with physical, systemic or visual disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 20 (1), 65-80.
Kirshbaum, M., Taube, D., & Baer, R. (in press). Parents with disabilities: Problems in family court practice. Journal of the Center for Children and the Courts.
Kopala, B. (1989). Mothers with impaired mobility speak out. MCN American Journal of Maternity Child Nursing, 14 (2), 115-9.
Mazur, E. (2006). Positive and negative events experienced by parents with acquired physical disabilities and their adolescent children. Families, Systems, & Health, 24(2), 160-178.
* Meade, M. A., Taylor, L. A., Kreutzer, J. S., Marwitz, J. H., & Thomas, V. (2004). A preliminary study of acute family needs after spinal cord injury: Analysis and implications. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49, 150-155.
Newbrough, J. R. (1985). The handicapped parent in the community: A synthesis and commentary. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 181-193). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Nolan, M. (1994). Choice and control for the disabled mother. Modern Midwife, 4 (4), 10-2.
Ocampo, M. The parenting book for people with disabilities: From planning your family to raising adolescents, Parenting with a Disability Network. Toronto, Canada: Centre for Independent Living in Toronto (CILT) Inc.
* Rintala, D. H., Herson, L., & Hudler-Hull, T. (2000). Comparison of parenting styles of persons with and without spinal cord injury and their children's social competence and behavior problems. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 23(4), 244-256.
* Rohde, J. (2005). Internet resources for both children and adults with spinal cord injury. SCI Psychosocial Process, 18, 34-36.
Scheele, C. (1988). Women and SCI: Part 4: Motherhood: The perspectives. Paraplegia News (Sept.), 31-34.
Somers, M. F. (1993). Addressing the unique mobility requirements of parenting from a wheelchair: case report. Neurology Report, 17 (4), 11-3.
Thurman, S. K. (1985). Ecological congruence in the study of families with handicapped parents. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 35-45). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Thurman, S. K., Whaley, A., & Weinraub, M. A. (1985). Studying families with handicapped parents: A rationale. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 1-9). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Tuleja, C., & DeMoss, A.. (1999). Babycare assistive technology. Technology and Disability, 10, 1-8.
Turk, R., Turk, M., & Assejev, V. (1983). The female paraplegic and mother-child relations. Paraplegia, 21(3), 186-91.
Westgren, N., & Levi, R. (1994). Motherhood after traumatic spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 32 (8), 517-23.
When an infant, child, or adolescent sustains a spinal cord injury, many unique factors may emerge. Some of the articles in this section review typical developmental issues and how they interact with the experience of having a spinal cord injury at each stage. School re-entry and issues unique to pediatric rehabilitation are explored. The transition into adulthood and long-term outcomes for a child/adolescent with a spinal cord injury is also discussed. (Back to the Top)
Anderson, C.J., Kelly, E.H., Klaas, S.J., Russell, H., Daharsh, E., & Vogel, L.C. (2009). Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(10), 826-832.
Anderson, C. J., Vogel, L. C., Chlan, K. M., & Betz, R. R. (2008). Coping with spinal cord injury: Strategies used by adults who sustained their injuries as children or adolescents. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 31(3), 290-296.
Anderson, C. J. & Vogel, L. C. (2006). Spinal Cord Injury. In J. E. Farmer, J. Donders, & S. Warschausky (Eds). Treating neurodevelopmental disabilities: Clinical research and practice. (pp. 42-60). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
Anderson, C. J., Vogel, L. C., Betz, R. R., et al (2004). Overview of adult outcomes in pediatric-onset spinal cord injuries. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27(1), 98-106.
* Anderson, C. J. (2003). Pediatric-onset spinal cord injury: psychosocial issues. SCI Nursing, 20 (3), 212-4.
* Anderson, C. J., Johnson, K. A., & Klaas, S. J., et al. (1998). Pediatric spinal cord injury: Transition to adulthood. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation Special Issue: Spinal Cord Injury, 10 (2), 103-113.
Anderson, C., Klaas, S. J., Lubicky, J. P., & Vogel, L. C. (1998). Long-term outcomes and life satisfaction of adults who had pediatric spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 79 (12), 1496-1503.
* Anderson, C. (1997). Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: Psychosocial issues. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 20, 21-24.
Anderson, C., Klaas, S. J., Lubicky, J, & Vogel, L. C. (1997). Long-term outcomes and life satisfaction in pediatric spinal cord injury: a model for children with chronic disabilities. Developmental Medicine/Child Neurology, 39(suppl. 75), 21.
Antle, B. J. (2004). Factors associated with self-worth in young people with physical disabilities. Health & Social Work. 29 (3), 167-75.
Augutis, M., Levi, R., Asplund, K., & Berg-Kelly, K. (2007). Psychosocial aspects of traumatic spinal cord injury with onset during adolescence: A qualitative study. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30(1), S55-S64.
Chafetz, R. & Hasara, C. (2003). The impact of wheelchair and setting in children with SCI. SCI Nursing, 21 (1), 272-274.
Devivo, M. J. & Vogel, L. C. (2004). Epidemiology of spinal cord injury in children and adolescents. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27(1), 4-10.
Dumas, H.M., Haley, S.M., Boyce, M.E., Peters, C.Y., & Mulcahey, M.J. (2009). Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 12(2), 113-118.
* Gorman, C., Kennedy, P., & Hamilton, L. R. (1998). Alterations in self-perceptions following childhood onset of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 36 (3), 181-5.
Gorski, J. A., Slifer, K. J., Townsend, V., et al (2005). Behavioral treatment of non- compliance in adolescents with newly acquired spinal cord injuries. Pediatric Rehabilitation, July-Sept; 8(3), 187-198.
Hickey, K. J. & Hickey, E. M. (2004). Educating children, adolescents, and their families following spinal cord injury. SCI Nursing, 21 (3), 168-171.
Hickey, K. A. & Klaas, S. J. (2001). Transition to adult care. SCI Nursing, 18 (3).
* Johnson, K.A., Klaas, S. J., Vogel, L. C., & McDonald, C. (2004). Leisure characteristics of the pediatric spinal cord injury population. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27, Suppl 1, S107-9.
* Kennedy, P., Gorsuch, N., & Marsh, N. (1995). Childhood onset of spinal cord injury: self-esteem and self-perception. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(Pt 4), 581-8.
Kewman, D.G., Warschausky, S.A. & Engel, L. (1995). Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and neuromuscular conditions: Scoliosis, spinal cord injury, and muscular dystrophy. In Roberts, M.C. (Ed), Handbook of pediatric psychology (2nd ed.), pp. 384-402. New York: Guilford Press.
Johnson, K. A. & Klaas, S. J. (2005). Societal trends impacting children: recreation implications for those with spinal cord injuries. SCI Nursing Spring, 22(1), 36-37.
McGinnis, K. & Lunn, M. (2004). School re-entry after pediatric spinal cord injury. SCI Nursing, 21(4), 222-223.
Merenda, L. (2003). No bones about it: the unique side of orthopedic management in the child with SCI. SCI Nursing, 20(1), 48-49.
* Mulcahey, M. J. (1992). Returning to school after a spinal cord injury: perspectives from four adolescents. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 46 (4), 305-12.
Nelson, V. S., Dixon, P. J., & Warschausky, S. A. (2004). Long-term outcome of children with high tetraplegia and ventilator dependence. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 27(1), 93-97.
Polk-Williams, A., Carr, B. G., Blinman, T. A., Masiakos, P. T., Wiebe, D. J., & Nance, M. L. (2008). Cervical spine injury in young children: A National Trauma Data Bank review. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 43(9), 1718-1721.
Richards, J. S, Elliott, T. R., Cotliar, R., & Stevenson, V. (1995). Pediatric medical rehabilitation. In Roberts, M.C. (Ed), Handbook of pediatric psychology (2nd ed.), pp. 703-722. New York: Guilford Press.
Sadowsky, C., Pidcock, F. S., Brandys, E., Morozova, O., Trovato, M. K., Salorio, C., & Christensen, J. (2008). Acquired spinal cord dysfunction. In P. J. Accardo (Ed.), Capute and Accardo’s neurodevelopmental disabilities in infancy and childhood (3rd ed., pp. 639-650). Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes Publishing.
Vogel, L. C., Hickey, K. J., Klaas, S. J., et al (2004). Unique issues in pediatric spinal cord injury. Ortho Nursing, 23(5):300-308; quiz 309-310.
* Vogel, L. C. & Anderson, C. J. (2003). Spinal cord injuries in children and adolescents: a review. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 26 (3), 193-203.
Winthrop, A. L., Brasel, K.J., Stahovic, L., Paulson J., Schneeberger, B., & Kuhn, E. M. (2005). Quality of life and functional outcome after pediatric trauma. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care, 58(3), 468-73.
**The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 2007; Volume 30 Supplement 1: Pediatric SCI Supplement is a compendium of articles and abstracts from the 2006 Howard H. Steel Conference: Injuries and Dysfunctions of the Spinal Cord in Children. Various authors**
** The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 2004; Volume 27 Supplement 1: Pediatric SCI Supplement is a compendium of articles and abstracts from the 2003 Howard H. Steel Conference; Injuries and Dysfunctions of the Spinal Cord in Children. Various authors**
** Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Summer 2000; Volume 6 Supplement: Howard H. Steel Conference on Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury December 3-5, 1999, supplement editors Lawrence C. Vogel and Randal R. Betz. Various authors**
** Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Fall 1997 Volume 5; Number 2. Pediatric Issues, issue editor Lawrence C. Vogel. Various authors**
** Text: The child with a spinal cord injury (1996). Editors; Randal R. Betz & M. J. Mulcahey. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons in collaboration with Shriners Hospitals for Children. Various authors **
The readings in
this section address challenges as well as mundane actions that need to be
taken into consideration when arranging for personal assistance services. The
readings focus primarily on paid help in the home and the hiring process. A
wide range of disabilities is considered in this section.
As the Years Go By: Accepting New Help, Caregiving, and Long Term Caregivers: For Better or Worse, RRTC on Aging with Spinal cord Injury, Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO 80110.
Barg, G. (2001). The Fearless Caregiver: How to Get the Best Care for Your Loved One and Still Have a Life of Your Own. Herndon, VA: Capital Books, Inc.
DeGraff, A. (1998). Home Health Aids: How to Manage the People Who Help You. Clifton Park, New York: Saratoga Access Publications.
Elliott TR, Brossart D, Berry JW, Fine PR. Problem-solving training via videoconferencing for family caregivers of persons with spinal cord injuries: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2008 Nov;46(11):1220-9.
Elliot, T., Shewchuk, R., & Richards, J. (1999). Caregiver social problem-solving abilities and family member adjustment to recent-onset physical disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44, 104-123.
Frost, F., Brenna, D., & Roach, M. (1999). Opportunities in community placement: an innovative personal care assistance training program in the city. Topics in Spinal Cord Rehabilitation, 4(3), 94-102.
Ludlum, C. (1996). Getting From Here to There: A Manual on Personal Assistance. Storrs, CT: A.J. Pappanikow Center.
Managing Personal Assistance: A Consumer Guide. (2000). Paralyzed Veterans of America, Washington, D.C. To obtain call (800) 424-8200.
Mayer, T. (2004). Families: The ultimate caregivers? SCI Psychosocial Process, 17, 184-186.
Missouri Model SCI System. (1999). Enhancing Independence: A Personal Care Attendant Training Manual. Missouri Model Spinal Cord Injury System. Howard A. Rusck Rehabilitation Center, Columbia, MO 65212.
Nosek, P. (1989). Busting Loose to Independence Through Personal Attendant Services. RRTC in Community Integration for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3405. (4 audiocassettes).
Personal Care Assistance (SCI Information Sheet #6; 1994). RRTC Training Office. Spinal Rehabilitation Center, Birmingham, AL 35233-7330.
Personal Care Assistants: How to Find, Hire, and Keep Them. (1995). Research Dept., RRTC On Aging with Spinal Cord Injury, Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO 80110.
Personal Assistance Services Guide. (1998). Utah Assistive Technology Program. Center for Persons with Disabilities, Logan, UT 84322-6855.
Personal Assistance Service Video Series (1993). Georgia Council on Developmental Disabilities and the Shepard Spinal Center, Atlanta, GA 30309.
Personal Assistance Training Manual. (1997). Shepard Center, Atlanta, GA 30309.
Rintala, D. (2004). Project FOCUS: Helping family caregivers solve problems. SCI Psychosocial Process, 17, 120-122.
Schulz R, Czaja SJ, Lustig A, Zdaniuk B, Martire LM, Perdomo D. Improving the quality of life of caregivers of persons with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial. Rehabil Psychol. 2009 Feb;54(1):1-15.
Spinal Network: The Total Wheelchair Resource Book, New Mobility Magazine (1998). No Limits Communications, Inc. Horsham, PA 19044.
Susik, D. (1995). Hiring Home Caregivers: The Family Guide to In-home Eldercare. American Source Books, Impact Publishers, San Luis Obispo, CA 93406.
Ulicny, G., Adler, A., Kennedy, S., & Jones, M. (1998). A Step-by-Step Guide to Training and Managing Personal Assistants. Vol. 1: Consumer Guide. RTC/IL, University of Kansas, Lawrance, KS 66045.
This section addresses the issue of quality of life and life satisfaction in individuals after sustaining a spinal cord injury. The interaction between quality of life and life satisfaction, well-being, health issues, participation, culture, financial issues, and environmental factors is explored. (Back to the Top)
Abrantes-Pais, F.D., Friedman, J.K., & Lovallo, W.R. (2007). Psychological or physiological – Why are tetraplegic patients content? Neurology, 69(3), 261-267.
* Bach, J. R., & Tilton, M. C. (1994). Life satisfaction and well-being measures in ventilator assisted individuals with traumatic tetraplegia. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 75, 626-632.
Bergmark, B. A., Winograd, C. H., & Koopman, C. (2008). Residence and quality of life determinants for adults with tetraplegia of traumatic spinal cord injury etiology. Spinal Cord, 46(10), 684-689.
Budh, C.N. & Osteraker, A.L. (2007). Life satisfaction in individuals with a spinal cord injury and pain. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21(1), 89-96.
Chen, Y., Anderson, C.J., Vogel, L.C., Chlan, K.M., Betz, R.R., McDonald, C.M. (2008). Change in life satisfaction of adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; 89(12):2285-92.
deRoon-Cassini, T.A., de St Aubin, E., Valvano, A., Hastings, J., Horn, P. (2009). Psychological well-being after spinal cord injury: perception of loss and meaning making. Rehabilitation Psychology;54(3):306-14.
* Dijkers, M. P. (1999). Correlates of life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 80(8), 867-76.
* Dijkers, M. (1997). Quality of life after spinal cord injury: a meta analysis of the effects of disablement components. Spinal Cord, 35(12), 829-40.
* Drainoni, M-L., Houlihan, B., Williams, S., Vedrani, M., Esch, D., Lee-Hood, E., & Weiner, C. (2004). Patterns of internet use by persons with spinal cord injuries and relationship to health-related quality of life. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 85, 1872-9.
* Fuhrer, M. J., Rintala, D. H., Hart, K. A., Clearman, R., & Young, M. E. (1992). Relationship of life satisfaction to impairment, disability, and handicap among persons with spinal cord injury living in the community. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 73(6), 552-7.
* Gerhart, K. A., Koziol-McLain, J., Lowenstein, S. R., & Whiteneck, G. G. (1994). Quality of life following spinal cord injury: knowledge and attitudes of emergency care providers. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 23(4), 807-12.
Hammell, K.W. (2007). Quality of life after spinal cord injury: a meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Spinal Cord, 45(2), 124-139. Hu, Y., Mak, J. N., Wong, Y. W., Leong, J. C., & Luk, K. D. (2008). Quality of life of traumatic spinal cord injured patients in Hong Kong. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(2), 126-131.
* Hunt, P.C., Boninger, M.L., Cooper, R.A., Zafonte, R.D., Fitzgerald, S.G., & Schmeler, M.R. (2004). Demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with disparity in wheelchair customizability among people with traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 85, 1859-64.
Jain, N.B., Sullivan, M., Kazis, L.E., et al. (2007). Factors associated with health-related quality of life in chronic spinal cord injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 86(5), 387-396.
* Johnston, M. V., Wood, K., Millis, S., Page, S., & Chen, D. (2004). Perceived quality of care and outcomes following spinal cord injury: Minority status in the context of multiple predictors. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27, 241-251.
* Kannisto, M., & Sintonen, H. (1997). Later health related quality of life in adults who have sustained spinal cord injury in childhood. Spinal Cord, 35, 617-619.
Krause, J.S., Reed, K.S. (2009). Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: measurement of underlying dimensions. Rehabilitation Psychology; 54(3):343-50.
Krause, J.S., Saladin, L.K., Adkins, R.H. (2009). Disparities in subjective well-being, participation, and health after spinal cord injury: a 6-year longitudinal study. NeuroRehabilitation; 24(1):47-56.
Lidal, I. B., Veenstra, M., Hjeltnes, N., & Biering-Sorensen, F. (2008). Health-related quality of life in persons with long-standing spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 46(11), 710-715.
Lucke, K. T, Coccia, H. Goode,J. S. Lucke, J. F. (2004) Quality of Life in spinal cord injured individuals and their caregivers during the initial 6 months following rehabilitation. Quality Life Review, 1, 97-110.
Lund, M.L., Nordlund, A., & Bernspang, B, et al. (2007). Percieved participation and problems in participation are determinants of life satisfaction in people with spinal cord injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(18), 1417-1422.
McColl, M. (1999) Expectation of health independence and quality of life among aging spinal cord-injured adults. Assistive Technology: The Official Journal of RESNA, 11(2), 130-136.
Mccoll, M., Walker, J., Stirling P., Wilkins, R., & Corey, P. (1997). Expectations of life and health among spinal cord injured adults. Spinal Cord: The Official Journal of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia, 35(12), 818-828.
Middleton, J., Tran, Y., & Craig, A. (2007). Relationship between quality of life and self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injuries. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 88(12), 1643-1648. Miller, S., Chan, F., Ferrin, J. M., Lin, C-P., & Chan, J. Y. C. (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version for individuals with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 51(4), 221-228.
Mortenson, W.B., Noreau, L., Miller, W.C. (2009). The relationship between and predictors of quality of life after spinal cord injury at 3 and 15 months after discharge. Spinal Cord, in press.
* Murphy, P., & Williams, J. (1998). Assessment of Rehabilitative Outcomes and Quality of Life Issues in Litigation: CRC Press.
* National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. Notice of proposed long- range plan for fiscal years 1999-2004. Federal Reg. 63 (206) October 26, 1998, p. 57192-5.
Noonan, V. K., Kopec, J. A., Zhang, H., & Dvorak, M. F. (2008). Impact of associated conditions resulting from spinal cord injury on health status and quality of life in people with traumatic central cord syndrome. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 89(6), 1074-1082.
* Post, M. W., de Witte, L. P., van Asbeck, F. W., van Dijk, A. J., & Schrijvers, A. J. (1998). Predictors of health status and life satisfaction in spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 79 (4), 395-401.
* Post, M. W., Van Dijk, A. J., Van Asbeck, F. W., & Schrijvers, A. J. (1998). Life satisfaction of persons with spinal cord injury compared to a population group. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 30 (1), 23-30.
* Putzke, J. D., Barrett, J. J., Richards, J. S., Underhill, A. T., & LoBello, S. G. (2004). Life satisfaction following spinal cord injury: Long-term follow-up. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27, 106-110.
* Rahman, R. O., Albright, K. J., & Yaroslavsky, I. (2005). Perceived stress and life satisfaction in women with a spinal cord injury: An exploratory look at racial differences. SCI Psychosocial Process, 18, 1, 6-8.
Singh, R., Dhankar, S. S., & Rohilla, R. (2008). Quality of life of people with spinal cord injury in Northern India. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 31(3), 247-251. Smith, B. M., LaVela, S. L., & Weaver, F. M. (2008). Health-related quality of life for veterans with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 46(7), 507-512. Stevens, S. L., Caputo, J. L., Fuller, D. K., & Morgan, D. W. (2008). Physical activity and quality of life in adults with spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 31(4), 373-378.
Unalan, H., Celik, B., & Sahin, A. (2007). Quality of life after spinal cord injury: the comparison of the SF-36 health survey and its spinal cord injury-modified version in assessing the health status of people with spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery Quarterly, 17(3), 175-179.
* Westgren, N., & Levi, R. (1998). Quality of life and traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 79(11), 1433-9.
* Whiteneck, G., Meade, M.A., Dijkers, M., Tate, D.G., Bushnik, T., & Forchheimer, M.B. (2004). Environmental factors and their role in participation and life satisfaction after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 85, 1793-803.
This section
highlights relevant articles, books and videos to the issue and expression of
sexuality related to individuals with spinal cord injury. Physical and
emotional, function and dysfunction, illness and health are the balance of
themes addressed within these educational materials.
* Alexander, M.S., & Alexander, C.J. (2007). Recommendations for discussing sexuality after spinal cord injury/dysfunction in children, adolescents and adults. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30, 65-70.
Alexander, M, & Rosen, R. (2008). Spinal cord injuries and orgasm: A review. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 34, 308-324.
* Anderson, K.D., Borisoff, J.F., Johnson, R.D., Stiens, S.A., & Elliott, S.L. (2007). The impact of spinal cord injury on sexual function: Concerns of the general population. Spinal Cord, 45, 328-337.
Black, K., Sipski, M., & Strauss, S. (1998). Sexual satisfaction and sexual drive in spinal cord injured women. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 21(3), 240-4.
Brackett, NL, Lynne, CM, Attia, GR, Carmack, AJK, Cava, A, & Goodman, KW (2008). Treatment of infertility in men with spinal cord injury: Medical progress and ethical considerations. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 13, 120-133.
Burns, SM, Hough, S, Boyd, BL, & Hill, J. (2009). Sexual desire and depression following spinal cord injury: Masculine sexual prowess as a moderator. Sex Roles, 61, 120-129.
Burns, SM, Mahalik, JR, Hough, S, & Greenwell, A. (2008). Adjustment to changes in sexual functioning following spinal cord injury: The contribution of men’s adherence to scripts for sexual potency. Sexuality and Disability, 26, 197-205.
Byfield, M. G., Brown, T. T., Fiedler, I., & Laud, P. (2000). Profile of evolving sexual health needs of individuals with recent spinal cord injury. SCI Psychosocial Process, 13(3), 97, 100-108.
Byfield, M. G., Brown, T. T., LaFavor, K. M., Murphy, D., Laud, P., & Fiedler, I. (1999). Perception versus reality: Inpatient sexual health needs of individuals with acute spinal cord injury. SCI Psychosocial Process, 12(1), 1-8.
Cardoso, FL Savall, ACR, Mendes, AK (2009). Self awareness of the male sexual response after spinal cord injury. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 32, 294-300.
Courtois, F, Charvier, K, Leriche, A, Vezina, JG, & Jacquemin, G (2009). Sexual and climatic responses in men with traumatic spinal injury: A model for rehabilitation. Sexologies, 18, 79-82.
Ducharme, S. H., & Gill, K. M. (1996). Sexuality after spinal cord injury: Answers to your questions. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing.
* Ducharme, S. (1987). Sexuality and physical disability. In B. Caplan (Ed.), Rehabilitation Psychology Desk Reference. Gaithersburg , MD: Aspen Publishers.
Fisher, T., Byfield, M. G., Brown, T. T., Fiedler, I., & Laud, P. (2001). The profile of sexual health needs of individuals 12 months after spinal cord Injury. SCI Psychosocial Process, 14(1), 1, 5-11.
Hart, K. A., Rintala, D. H., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1996). Educational interests of individuals with spinal cord injury living in the community: Medical, sexuality, and wellness topics. Rehabilitation Nursing, 21, 82-90.
Herson, L. Hart, K. A., Gordon, M. J., & Rintala, D. H. (1999). Identifying and overcoming barriers to providing sexuality information in the clinical setting. Rehabilitation Nursing, 24(4), 148-151.
Hough, S. & DeGirolamo, S. (2007). The experience of military sexual trauma and rehabilitation for individuals with spinal cord injury/dysfunction. Sexuality and Disability, 25(2), 65-72.
* Howland, C., & Rintala, D. (2001). Dating behaviors of women with physical disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 19, 41-70.
Hwang, K., Johnston, M., & Smith, J.K. (2007). Romantic attachment in individuals with physical disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(2), 184-195.
Jackson, A. B., & Wadley, V. (1999). A multicenter study of women’s self-reported reproductive health after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80, 1420-1428.
Karimzadeh, M., Salsabili, N., Akbariasbagh, F., Mehrsai, A. (2006). The psychological impact of infertility in the male able bodied and spinal cord injured population. Sexuality and Disability, 24(4), 185-193.
Karp, Gary. (2008) Disability and the Art of Kissing: Questions and Answers on the True Nature of Intimacy. Life on Wheels Press
Kreuter, M, Siösteen, A, and Biering-Sřrensen, F (2008). Sexuality and sexual life in women with spinal cord injury: A controlled study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40, 61-69.
Kroll, Ken and Klein, Erica. (2001) Enabling Romance: A Guide to Love, Sex and Relationships for People with Disabilities (and the People who Care About Them). No Limits Communication
Leibowitz, R. Q. (2005). Sexual rehabilitation after spinal cord injury: What do women want? Sexuality and Disability, 23 (2), 81-107.
Leibowitz, R. O. (2003). Phenomenology of sexuality for women after spinal cord injury: Emergent focuses on relationships. SCI Psychosocial Process, 16(2), 65, 70-76.
Lemon, M. (1993). Sexual counseling and spinal cord injury. Sexuality and Disability, 11 (2), 73-96.
* Linsenmeyer, T. A. (2000). Sexual function and infertility following spinal cord injury. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 11 (1), 141-56.
Lombardi, G, Macchiarella, A, Cecconi, F, Aito, S, and Del Popolo, G (2009). Sexual life of males over 50 years of age with spinal cord lesions of at least 20 years. Spinal Cord, 46, 679-683.
Lombardi, G, Macchiarella, A, Cecconi, F, and Del Popolo, G (2009) Efficacy and safety of medium and long-term Tadalafil use in spinal cord patients with erectile dysfunction. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6, 535-543.
Mackelprang, R. W., & Valentine, D. (Eds.). (1993). Sexuality and disabilities: A guide for human service practitioners. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
Mendes, AK, Cardoso, FL, & Savall, ACR. (2008). Sexual satisfaction in people with spinal cord injury. Sexuality and Disability, 26, 137-147.
Mona, L. (2003). Sexual options for people with disabilities: Using personal assistance services for sexual expression. Women & Therapy, 26 (3/4), 211-222.
Mona, LR, Cameron, RP, Goldwaser, G, Miller, AR, Syme, ML, & Fraley, S.S. (2009). Prescription for pleasure: Exploring sex-positive approaches in women with spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 15, 15-28.
* Mung-nga Li, C., & Kwai-sang Yau, M. (2006). Sexual issues and concerns: Tales of Chinese women with spinal cord impairments. Sexuality and Disability, 24(1), 1-26.
* Nosek, M., Howland, C., Rintala, D., Young, M., & Cannpong, G. (2001). National study of women with physical disabilities: Final report. Sexuality and Disability, 19, 5-40.
* Phelps, J., Albo, M., Dunn, K., & Joseph, A. (2001). Spinal cord injury and sexuality in married or partnered men: Activities, function, needs, and predictors of sexual adjustment. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30(6): 591-602.
* Potgieter, C-A, & Khan, G. (2005). Sexual self-esteem and body image of South Africa spinal cord injured adolescents. Sexuality and Disability, 23(1), 1-20.
Rintala, D. H. (2001). A program to increase knowledge, comfort, and skills in providing sexuality health care to persons with spinal cord injury. SCI Psychosocial Process, 14 (3), 158-160.
* Sexual Health Network Hosted by: Mitch Tepper, Ph.D., MPH. The Sexual Health Network's web site (www.sexualhealth.com) provides easy access to sexuality information, education, counseling, therapy, medical attention, and other sexuality resources for people with disability, illness, or other health related problems. The Sexual Health Network also provides continuing education and training for health professionals and facilitates educational groups for people with disability or illness.
* Sexuality and Disability is published quarterly by Springer Publications. The journal is abstracted through services such as Psychological Abstracts, Social Service Abstracts, and Rehabilitation Literature Abstracts as well as about a dozen other services.
* Singh, R., & Sharma, S. C. (2005). Sexuality and women with spinal cord injury. Sexuality and Disability, 23(1), 21-33.
Sipski, M. & Alexander, C. (2007). Recommendations for discussing sexuality after spinal cord injury/dysfunction in children, adolescents, and adults. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30(1), S65-S70.
* Sipski, M., & Alexander, C. (1997). Sexual function in people with disabilities and chronic illness. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.
Sipski, M. L., & Alexander, C. G. (1993). Sexual activities, response and satisfaction in women in pre- and post-spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine, 74, 1025- 1029.
Stohl, E. (1996). Sexuality and disability: Uncovering the real life obstacles. SCI Psychosocial Process, 9(2/3), 73-74.
Summerville, P., & McKenna, K. (1998). Sexuality education and counseling for individuals with a spinal cord injury: Implications for occupational therapy. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(6), 275-9.
* Tepper, M. S., Owens, A. F. (Eds.). (2007). Praeger Perspectives: Sexual Health Series (Volumes I, II, II, IV). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Tepper, M.S. (2001). Becoming sexually able: Education to help youth with disabilities. SIECUS Report, 29(3): 3-5.
* Tepper, M. S., Whipple, B., Richards, E., & Komisaruk, B. R. (2001). Women with complete spinal cord injury: A phenomenological study of sexual experiences. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 27(5), 615-623.
Tepper, M. S. (2000). Sexuality and disability: The missing discourse of pleasure. Sexuality and Disability, 18(4), 283-290.
Tepper, M. S. (1998). Sexuality and people with physical and developmental disabilities. In P. B. Koch & D. L. Weis (Eds.), Sexuality in America: Understanding our sexual behavior and values. New York: Continuum Publishing, 141-143.
Tepper, M. S. (1997). Providing comprehensive sexual health care in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: Implementation and evaluation of a new curriculum for health care professionals. Sexuality and Disability, 15(3), 131-165.
VandeCreek, L., Peterson, F. L. Jr., & Bley, J. W. (Eds.). (2007). Innovations in Clinical Practice: Focus on Sexual Health. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
* Westgren, N., Hultling, C., Levi, R., Seiger, A., & Westgren, M. (1997). Sexuality in women with traumatic spinal cord injury. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 76(10): 977-83.
* Westgren, N. & Levi, R. (1999). Sexuality after injury: Interviews with women after traumatic spinal cord injury. Sexuality and Disability, 17(4), 309-319.
* Whipple B, & Komisaruk B. R. (1997). Sexuality and women with complete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 35(3), 136-8.
White, M. J., Rintala, D. H., Hart, K., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1994). A comparison of the sexual concerns of men and women with spinal cord injuries. Rehabilitation Nursing Research, 3(2), 55-61.
* White, M. J., Rintala, D. H., Hart, K., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1993). Sexual activities, concerns, and interests of women with spinal cord injuries living in the community. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 72(6), 373-378.
* White, M. J., Rintala, D. H., Hart, K. A., Young, M. E., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1993). Sexual activities, concerns, and interests of men with spinal cord injuries. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71(4), 225-231.
* Willmuth, M. E. (1987). Sexuality after spinal cord injury: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 389-412.
Sexuality Videos (Back to the Top) (Listing does not imply endorsement) (See “Sexuality” section above for description.)
Sexuality after Spinal Cord Injury Video, Hosted by Michael Dunn, PhD, and John Lavelle, MD; The Valley Medical Center Foundation and the Accessible Events Program, San Jose, CA, USA, November 20, 2008, DVD, 60 minutes; Reviewed by S. Hough, PhD Sex Disabil (2009) 27:181–182. Obtain a copy by emailing: This email address is being protected from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it
Paralyzed and Pregnant (tv special). From Discovery Health Network. See http://health.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=62.4480.116988.0.0 for local listings. This program is great for staff members, but may cause patients stress. Description: When Michelle Carston was 23 years old, she dove into shallow water off the coast of Mexico and injured her spinal cord--an action that sent her to a wheelchair as a quadriplegic. Michelle got pregnant and we follow her pregnancy.
Sexuality and Spinal Cord Injury (video). From BC Rehabilitation in Vancouver, Canda. (Telephone: 604-737-6225). The video is designed for staff members and for training of staff rather than patient use. There may be parts of it however that would be useful in getting some group discussions.
Sexuality Reborn (video). Alexander, C. J., & Sipski, M. L. (1993). West Orange, NJ: Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation is an educational video for patients in which several couples discuss and demonstrate sexual aspects of their relationship. Contact Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ 07052 (Telephone: 800-248-3221 x6977).
Spinal Cord Injury Network International, 3911 Princeton Drive, Santa Rosa, CA 95405 (Telephone: 800-548-2673). A video lending library (www.spinalcordinjury.org) includes three videos on sexuality: # 20 LOOKING UP: A SUCCESS STORY, A ROMANCE. Person with quadriplegia in Portland, Oregon discusses adjustment he has made after a spinal cord injury; # 137 SEXUALTY & PHYSICAL DISABILITY. A panel of men and women discuss thoughts and concerns about their bodies and the consequence of disability occurring at a young age versus those occurring later in life; and # 138 GIVE IT A TRY. Husband with quadriplegia and his wife attempt to re-establish their marriage after his return from the hospital. Depicts a counseling program where the couple acknowledges their concern and frustration over sexual issues.
The Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction Following Spinal Cord Injury (video, 1995). From SCI Video, 706 Sunny Brook Drive, Edmond, OK 73034-4849 (Telephone: 405-330-8657). This video features the personal accounts of 4 men with impotence secondary to SCI. Each person speaks candidly about his accident, his impotence, as well as its treatment and how life and relationship have been affected after treatment. A Urologist discusses the options for treatment, concentrating on the use of Prostaglandin E-1 injection therapy. A demonstration of its use is included.
Social Support: Peer/Community An individual with a spinal cord injury is human and humans are social creatures. We typically enjoy the company of others. Our friends and family are our most natural support system. In some circumstances, the social support changes drastically after spinal cord injury. (Back to the Top)
* Boschen, K.A., Tonack, M., & Gargaro, J. (2005). The impact of being a support provider to a person living in the community with a spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50, 397-407.
Carpenter, C., Forwell, S.J., Jongbloed, L.E. & Backman, C.L. (2007). Community Participation After Spinal Cord Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 88 (4), 427-433. Chase, B. W., Cornille, T. A. & English, R. W. (2000). Life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injuries. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66(3). 14-21. * Parrott, R., Stuart, T., & Cairns, A. D. (2000). Reducing uncertainty through communication during adjustment to disability: living with spinal cord injury. In D. O. Braithwaite & T. L. Thompson (Eds.), Handbook of Communication and People with Disabilities (pp. 339-352). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Fuller, W.E. & Wehman, P. (2003). College entrance exams for students with disabilities: Accommodations and testing guidelines. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18(3), 191-197. Miller, E., Chen, R., Glover-Graf, N. M., & Kranz, P. (2009). Willingness to engage in personal relationships with persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 52(4). 211-214. * Sherman, J. E., DeVinney, D. J., & Sperling, K. B. (2004). Social support and adjustment after spinal cord injury: influence of past peer-mentoring experiences and current live-in partner. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49(2); 140-149.
Slater, D. & Meade, M. (2004). Participation in sports and recreation for persons with spinal cord injury: review and recommendations. Neurorehabilitation, 19, 121-129.
* Targett, P. S., Wilson, K., & Wehman, P. (1998). Community needs assessment survey of people with spinal cord injury: An early follow-up study. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 10(2), 169-177.
* Vieth, E., Sherman, J., Pellino, T., & Yasui, N. (2006). Qualitative analysis of the peer-mentoring relationship among individuals with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51(4), 289-298.
* Young, A. E., Murphy, G. C., & Strasser, R. P. (2000). Rehabilitation following spinal cord injury: The facilitory impact of the rural social setting. Journal of Family Studies: Australian Journal of Marriage and Family, 46(3), 231-244.
The articles in this section explore the relationship between substance abuse and disability. Patterns of use, treatment approaches, pre-injury/post-injury use comparisons, as well as accessibility of substance abuse treatment are discussed. Emphasis is put on rehabilitation efforts. (Back to the Top)
Alston, R. (1994). Sensation seeking as a psychological trait of drug abuse among persons with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 38(2), 154-163.
Banerjea R, Findley PA, Smith B, Findley T, Sambamoorthi U. Co-occurring medical and mental illness and substance use disorders among veteran clinic users with spinal cord injury patients with complexities. Spinal Cord. 2009 Nov;47(11):789-95. Epub 2009 May 5.
Ben, Amar, M. (2006). Cannabinoids in medicine: A review of their therapeutic potential. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Apr 21; 105(1-2):1-25. Epub 2006- Mar 15.
Bombardier, C., Stroud, M., Esselman, P., Rimmele, C. (2004). Do pre-injury alcohol problems predict poor rehabilitation progress in person with spinal cord injury? Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 9, 1488-92.
Bombardier, C. (2000). Alcohol and Disability. In R. Frank & T. Elliott (Eds.), The Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology (pp. 399-416). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Heinemann, A. & Schmidt, M. (1994). Drinking patterns, drinking expectancies, and coping after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 38(2), 134-153.
Heinemann, A. (Ed.). (1993). Substance Abuse and Physical Disability: Haworth Press, Inc.
Heinemann, A., Doll, M., & Schnoll, S. (1989). Treatment of alcohol abuse in persons with recent spinal cord injuries. Alcohol Health and Research World, 13, 110-117.
Heinemann, A., Goranson, N., Ginsberg, K., & Schnoll, S. (1988). Alcohol use and activity patterns following spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 35, 191- 206.
Heinemann, A., Keen, M., Donohue, R., & Schnoll, S. (1988). Alcohol use in persons with recent spinal cord injuries. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 69, 619-624.
Kolakwosky-Hayner, S., Gourley, E. 3rd, Kreutzer, J., Marwitz, J., Meade, M., & Cifu, D. (2002). Post-Injury substance abuse among persons with brain injury and persons with spinal cord injury. Brain Injury, 7, 583-92.
Krahn, G., Farrell, N., Gabriel R., & Deck D. (2006). Access barriers to substance abuse treatment for persons with disabilities: An exploratory study. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 31, 375-384.
Krause, J. (1992). Delivery of substance abuse services during spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation, 2, 45-51.
Perez, M. & Pilsecer, C. (1989). Family therapy with spinal cord injured substance abusers. Social Work in Health Care, 14(2), 15-25.
Schreiber, A.L., Formal, C.S. (2007). Spinal cord infarction secondary to cocaine use. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feb; 86(2): 158-60.
Seltz, M., Radnitz, C., Bauman, W.A. (2004). The relationship of spinal cord injury trauma to alcohol misuse: a study of monozygotic twins. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27 (1): 18-21.
Tate, D. (1994). The use of CAGE questionnaire to assess alcohol abuse among spinal cord injury persons. Journal of Rehabilitation, 60(1), 31-36.
Tate, D., Forchheimer, M., Krause, J., Meade, M., & Bombardier, C. (2004). Patterns of alcohol and substance use and abuse in persons with spinal cord injury: Risk factors and correlates. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, 84(3), 1837-1847.
Turner, A., Bombardier, C., & Rimmele, C. (2003). A typology of alcohol use patterns among persons with recent traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury: Implications for treatment matching. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 84(3), 358- 364.
West, S., Luck R., & Capps, F. (2007). Physical inaccessibility negatively impacts the treatment participation of persons with disabilities. Addictive Behaviors 32, 1494-1497.
Young, M., Rintala, D., Rossi, C., Hart, K., & Fuhrer, M. (1995). Alcohol and marijuana use in a community-based sample with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76, 525-532.
Textbooks: General/Comprehensive This section
highlights entire textbooks which are relevant to the field of spinal cord
injury
Alpert, MJ, & Wisnia, S. (2008). Spinal Cord Injury and the Family: A New Guide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
* Antonak, R. F., & Livneh, H. (1988). The measurement of attitudes toward people with disabilities: Methods, psychometrics, and scales. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas.
* Betz, R.R., & Mulcahey, M.J. (1996). The child with a spinal cord injury. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.
Epstein, MJ, & Pettway, T. (Eds) (2008). Deep: Real life with spinal cord injury. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
* Fordyce, W. E. (1982). Psychological assessment and management. In F. J. Kottke, G. K. Stillwell, & J. F. Lehmann (Eds.), Krusen's Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (pp. 124-150). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
* Frank, R. G., & Elliott, T. (2000). Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
* Lane, H. (1984). When the Mind Hears. New York: Random House.
Palmer, S., Kriegsman, KH, & Palmer, JB. (2008). Spinal Cord Injury: A Guide for Living. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Selzer, M. & Dobkin, B. (2008). Spinal Cord Injury: A Guide for Patients and Families. St. Paul, MN: Demos Medical Publishing.
*Szymanski, E. M. & Parker, R. M. (2003) Work and disability: Issues and strategies in career development and job placement. Austin, Texas: Pro-Ed.
* Trieschmann, R. B. (1988). Spinal Cord Injuries: Psychological, Social and Vocational Rehabilitation. (2nd ed.). New York: Demos Publication.
* Vash, C. L. & Crewe, N. M. (2004). Psychology of Disability, 2nd Edition. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
* Whiteneck, G., et al. (1989). The Management of High Quadriplegia: Demos Publications.
* Wright, B. A. (1983). Physical Disability: A Psychosocial Approach. (2nd Ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
* Yuker, H. E. (1988). Attitudes toward people with disabilities. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
This section highlights relevant articles on treatment adherence and strategies for enhancing treatment recommendations. The authors identify treatment barriers and methodological obstacles that limit the various ways that spinal cord injury patients follow treatment recommendations. Psychosocial complications and coping strategies are highlighted. (Back to the Top)
Gorski,J.,Slifer,K., Townsend, V., Kelly-Suttka, J. & Amari, A. (2005). Behavioural treatment of non-compliance in adolescents with newly acquired spinal cord injuries. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 8 (3), 187-198.
* Meichenbaum, D., & Turk, D. (1987). Facilitating treatment adherence: A practitioner's guidebook. New York: Plenum Press.
O’Donohue, W. T., Levensky, E. R., (Eds.) (2006). Promoting treatment adherence: a practical handbook for health care providers. California: Sage Publications.
* Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist, 47(9), 1102- 14.
* Rollnick, S., Mason, P., & Butler, C. (1999). Health behavior change: A guide for practitioners. London: Churchill Livingstone.
* Shumaker, S., Schron, E., & Ockene, J. (Eds.). The Handbook of Health Behavior Change. New York: Springer.
* Stewart, M. (1995). Patient-Centered Medicine: Transforming the Clinical Method: Sage Publications, Inc.
Trahan, E., Pepin, M., Hoops, S. (2006). Impaired awareness of deficits and treatment adherence among people with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury. May-June; 21 (3), 226-235.
Work and what one does, or hopes to do, often define who and what we are. Various resources exist for individuals with spinal cord injury to explore work options. A variety of circumstances will have an effect on individual work options. (Back to the Top)
* Anderson, C. J., Klaas, S. J. & Vogel, L.C. (2000). Preparation for employment in adolescent spinal cord injuries. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, (suppl.) 170-181.
* Anderson, C. J. & Vogel, L. C. (2002). Employment outcomes of adults who sustained spinal cord injuries as children or adolescents. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 83(6), 791-801.
* Bricout, J. C. (2004). Using telework to enhance return to work outcomes for individuals with spinal cord injuries. Neurorehabilitation, 19(2), 147-59.
Chan, S. K. K. & Man, D. W. K. (2005). Barriers to returning to work for people with spinal cord injuries: A focus group study. Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, 25(4), 325-332.
* Chapin M. H., & Kewman, D. G. (2001). Factors affecting employment following spinal cord injury: A qualitative study. Rehabilitation Psychology, 46 (4), 400-416.
* DeVivo M. J., Rutt R.D., Stover S. L., & Fine, P. R. (1987). Employment and spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 68, 494-498.
Ellenbogen, P. S., Meade, M. A., Jackson, M. N., & Barrett, K. (2006). The impact of Spinal Cord Injury on the employment of family caregivers. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 25, 35-44.
Goldberg, R. T., & Freed, M. M. (1982). Vocational development of spinal cord injured patients: an 8-year follow-up. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 63, 207-210.
James, M, DeVivo, M. J, & Richards, J. S. (1993). Post injury employment outcomes among African‑American and white persons with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 38, 151‑164.
* Kemp B. J., & Vash, C. L. (1971). Productivity after injury in a sample of spinal cord injured persons: a pilot study. Journal of Chronic Disease, 24, 259‑275.
Krause, J. A. & Pickelsimer, E. (2008). Relationship of perceived barriers to employment and return to work five years later. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 51(2), 118-121.
Krause, J. S., & Reed, K. S. (2009). Obtaining employment after spinal cord injury: Relationship with pre- and post-injury education. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 53(1). 27-33.
Krause, J. S., & Broderick, L. (2006). Relationship of personality and locus of control with employment outcomes among participants with Spinal Cord Injury. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 49(2). 111-114
Krause, J. S., & Broderick, L. (2004). Outcomes after spinal cord injury: comparisons as a function of gender and race and ethnicity. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 85(3), 355-62.
* Krause. J. S. (2003). Years to employment after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84(9), 1282-9.
* Krause J. S., Kewman D., DeVivo M. J., Maynard, F., Coker, J., Roach, M. J., & Ducharme, S. (1999). Employment after spinal cord injury: an analysis of cases from the Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80(11), 1492-500.
Krause, J. S., Sternberg, M., Maides, J., & Lottes, S. (1998). Employment after spinal cord injury: differences related to geographic region, gender, and race. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 79(6), 615-24.
Martz, E. (2003). Future time orientation and employment of individuals with a spinal cord injury: Does current work status reflect a greater orientation toward the future? Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, 21(3), 257-263.
Massagli, T. L., Dudgeon, B. J., & Ross, B. W. (1996). Educational performance and vocational participation after spinal cord injury in childhood. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 77(10), 995-9.
Meade, M. A., Armstrong, A. J., Barrett, K., Ellenbogen, P. S. & Jackson, M.N. (2006). Vocational Rehabilitation Services for individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 25, 3–11.
Meade, M. A., Armstrong, A. J., Barrett, K., Ellenbogen, P. S. & Jackson, M.N. (2006). Work intensity and variatins in health and personal characteristics of individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 25, 13–19.
* Meade, M. A., Lewis, A., Jackson, N., & Hess, D. W. (2004). Race, employment, and spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1782-92.
* Rohe, D. E. & Krause, J. S. (1998). Stability of Interests after Severe Physical Disability: An 11-Year Longitudinal Study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52, 45-58.
Schonherr, M. C., Groothoff, J. W., Mulder, G. A. & Eisma, W. H. (2005). Vocational perspectives after spinal cord injury. Clinical Rehabilitation, 19(2), 200-208.
* Targett, P, Wehman, P, & Young C (2004). Return to work for persons with spinal cord injury: designing work supports. Neurorehabilitation, 19(2), 131-9.
Taricco M., Colombo, C., Adone, R., Chiesa, G., Di Carlo, S., Borsani ,M. ,Castelnuovo, E., Ghirardi, G., Lascioli, R., & Liberati A. (1992). The social and vocational outcome of spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia, 30(3), 214-9.
Tate, D. G., Stiers, W., Daugherty, J., Forchheimer, M., Cohen, E., & Hansen N. (1994). The effects of insurance benefits coverage on functional and psychosocial outcomes after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75(4), 407-14.
* Wehman, P., Wilson, K., Parent, W., Sherron-Targett, P., & McKinley W. (2000). Employment satisfaction of individuals with spinal cord injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 79(2), 161-9.
Yasuda, S., Wehman, P., Targett, P., Cifu, D. X., & West, M. (2002). Return to work after spinal cord injury: A review of recent research. NeuroRehabilitation, 17(3), 177-86.
This section explores the topic of disability and gender. Specific emphasis is placed on the experience of female persons with disabilities and the difference between male and female perspectives. Reproductive/gynecological services available to women with a range of disabilities are discussed. (Back to the Top)
Asch, A., & Fine, M. (1984). Women with disabilities: Essays in psychology, culture, and politics. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Budh, N., Hulting, C., Levi, R., Werhagen, L., Ertzgaard, P., & Lundeberg, T. (2003). Gender related differences in spinal cord injured individuals. Spinal cord, 41(2), 122- 129.
Burns, A., & Jackson, A. (2001). Gynecologic and reproductive issues in women with spinal cord injury. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 12(1), 183-199.
Carty, E., Connie, T., Holbrook, A., & Riddle, L. (1993). Guidelines for serving disabled women. Midwifery Today and Childbirth Education, 27, p. 29.
Chau, L., Hegedus, L., Praamsma, M., Smith, K., Tsukada, M., Yoshida, K., Renwick, R. (2008). Women living with a spinal cord injury; perceptions about their changed bodies. Qualitative Health Research, Feb; 18(2): 209-21 (32 ref).
Dahl, J., Myhr, K., Daltveit, A., Skjaerven, R., & Gilhus, N. (2007). Is smoking an extra hazard in pregnant MS women? Findings from a population-based registry in Norway. European Journal of Neurology 14, 1113-1117.
Danek, M. (1992). The status of women with disabilities revisited. Journal of Rehabilitation Counseling, 23(4), 7-13.
DePauw, K. (1997). Sport and physical activity in the life cycle of girls and women with disabilities. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal, 6(2), p. 225.
Farooque, M., Suo, Z., Arnold, P.M., Wulser, M.J., Chou, C.T., Vacura, R.W., Fowler, S., Festoff, B.W. (2006). Gender-related differences in recovery of locomotor function after spinal cord injury in mice. Spinal Cord, Mar; 44(3):182-7.
Garland, D., Adkins, R., Stewert, C., Ashford, R., Vigil, D. (2001). Regional Osteoporosis in women who have a complete spinal cord injury. Journal of Bone, American Volume, 83(8), 1195-1201.
Holbrook, T.L., Hoyt, D.B., Coimbra, R., Potenza, B., Sise, M., Anderson, J.P. (2005). High rates of acute stress disorder impact quality-of-life outcomes in injured adolescents: mechanism and gender predict acute stress disorder risk. Journal of Trauma, Nov; 59(5):1126-30.
Kalpakjian, C.A., Albright, K.J. (2006). An examination of depression through the lens of spinal cord injury. Comparative prevalence rates and severity in women and men. Women’s Health Issues, Nov-Dec; 16(6):380-8.
*Krause, J.S., Broderick, L., (2004). Outcomes after spinal cord injury: comparisons as a function of gender. Archives Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. Mar. 85 (3):355-62.
Lequerica, A.H., Forchheimer, M., Tate, D.G., Roller, S., Toussaint, L. (2008). Ways of coping and perceived stress in women with spinal cord injury. Journal of Health Psychology, Apr; 13(3): 348-54.
New, P.W., Epi, M.C. (2007). Influence of age and gender on rehabilitation outcomes in non-traumatic spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30(3):225-37.
Nosek, M. (2001). Women and SCI. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Special Issue, 19(1), 1-84.
Pentland, W., Walker, J., Minnes, P., Tremblay, M., Brouwer, B., & Gould, M. (2002). Women with spinal cord injury and the impact of aging. Spinal Cord, 40(8), 374-388.
Popov, I., Ngambu, F., Mantel, G., Rout, C., & Moodley, J. (2003). Acute spinal cord injury in pregnancy: An illustrative case and literature review. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 23(6), 596-599.
Reame, N. (1983). Menstrual health products, practices, and problems. Women & Health, 8, p. 37.
Rutberg L; Frieden B; Karlsson AK. "Amenorrhoea in newly spinal cord injured women: an effect of hyperprolactinaemia?" Spinal Cord, 2008 Mar; 46(3): 189-91.
Rutberg, L., Friden, B., Karlsson, A.K. (2008). Amenorrhoea in newly spinal cord injured women: an effect of hyperprolactinaemia? Spinal Cord Mar; 46(3): 189-91 (10 ref).
Samuel, V.M., Moses, J., North, N., Smith, H., Thorne, K. (2007). Spinal cord injury rehabilitation: the experience of women. Spinal Cord, Dec; 45(12): 758-64 (27 ref).
Schopp, L., Kirkpatrick, H., Sanford, T., Hagglund, K., & Wongvatunyu, S. (2002). Impact of comprehensive gynecologic services on health maintenance behaviors among women with spinal cord injury. Disability & Rehabilitation, 24(17), 899-903.
Smelzer SC; Wetzel-Effinger L. "Pregnancy in women with spinal cord injury." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 2009 Summer; 15(1): 29-42.
Smelzer, S., Sharts-Hopko, N., Ott, B., Zimmerman, V., & Duffin, J. Perspectives of women with disabilities on reaching those who are hard to reach. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 39 (3), 163-171.
Whipple, B. & Komisaruk, B. (1997). Sexuality and women with complete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 35(3), 136-139.
Wilkerson, A. (2002). Disability, sex, radicalism, and political agency. NWSA Journal, 14(3), 33-58.
Wilmuth, M., &Holcomb, L. (Eds.). (1993). Women with Disabilities: Found Voices. Bingham, NY: Harrington Park Press.
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